نتایج جستجو برای: evolutionary economics
تعداد نتایج: 173644 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
According to Network Effect literature network externalities lead to market failure due to Pareto-inferior coordination results. We show that the assumptions and simplifications implicitly used for modeling standardization processes fail to explain the real-world variety of diffusion courses in today's dynamic IT markets and derive requirements for a more general model of network effects. We ar...
This paper discusses how Mark Blaug reversed his thinking about the historiography of economics, abandoning ‘rational’ for ‘historical’ reconstruction, and using an economics of scientific knowledge argument against Paul Samuelson and others that rational reconstructions of past ideas and theories in the “marketplace of ideas” were Pareto inefficient. Blaug’s positive argument for historical re...
Natural selection is the central concept of Darwinian evolution and hence selection is central for evolutionary computation. Naive models of evolution define natural selection as a process which brings in differential reproductive capabilities in organisms of a population, and hence, evolutionary algorithms implement selection by differential reproduction: the fittest members of the population ...
The behavioral theory of the firm has been acknowledged as one of the most fundamental pillars on which evolutionary theorizing in economics has been built. Nelson and Winter’s 1982 book is pervaded by the philosophy and concepts previously developed by Cyert, March and Simon. On the other hand, some behavioral notions, such as bounded rationality, though isolated from the context, are also at ...
Editorial: Constructing an evolutionary economic geography 1. Taking evolution seriously in economic geography Change is one of capitalism's constants. As a mode of economic organization, capitalism never stands still. Its central imperative—the search for profit and wealth creation— drives a perpetual process of economic flux. Every day new firms, new products, new technologies, new industries...
In plant leaves, resource use follows a trade-off between rapid resource capture and conservative storage. This "worldwide leaf economics spectrum" consists of a suite of intercorrelated leaf traits, among which leaf mass per area, LMA, is one of the most fundamental as it indicates the cost of leaf construction and light-interception borne by plants. We conducted a broad-scale analysis of the ...
Ownership and trade emerge from anarchy as evolutionary stable strategies. In these evolutionary game models, ownership status provides an endogenous asymmetrizing criterion enabling cheaper resolution of property conflicts. †Assistant Professor, Columbia University, 615 Uris Hall, 3022 Broadway, New York, NY 10027. The author acknowledges financial support from the Brown and Bain Fellowship in...
Comparative statics is a special case of dynamics, in which a unique stable equilibrium is assumed to exist, and two equilibria — determined by different parameter values — are compared. Similarly, dynamics is a special case of an evolutionary process, in which the degrees of freedom of the system are held constant. Marshall, whose Principles[16] played a large rôle in setting economics upon th...
Multi-agent software systems can be modeled as complex, dynamic systems in which agent adaptation and interaction occur continuously and concurrently. A genetics inspired view has agent adaptation occurring via the exchange of encoded agent characteristics (genes). An economics inspired view has agent adaptation driven by changes in prices and supply and demand. Interactions of economics and ge...
Innovation networks have become a persistent organisational phenomenon in industrial innovation processes. However, in economics they were considered in the first place only as a temporary phenomenon between markets and a hierarchical organisation within a single firm. The main focus of traditional neo-classical analysis simply was on cost reduction of R&D within a network. Only with the coming...
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