Early in the history of the HIV epidemic, investigators noted that carriers of HIV who were asymptomatic had poorer cognitive performance than matched HIV2 controls. These HIV1 patients in early cohorts, mostly men who had sex with men, were medically asymptomatic but still showed performance deficits in verbal memory, executive function, and language. An early report concluded, “The constellat...

This study of naturally occurring behaviour employed a "beeper technique" to investigate the actions carried out by 152 subjects in eight different groups, viz. adult students, employed students who were also parents, unemployed, art students, doctoral students, alcoholics, retired people and a control group. Actions were sampled for seven subsequent days, five times per day between 8 a.m. and ...

Recent studies that consider how vision is used in everyday life have led to a new perspective in visual science, in which more emphasis is placed on the active role of the viewer.