Mating multiply may incur costs, such as exposure to predators and to sexually transmitted diseases. Nevertheless, it may be favored, in spite of these costs, as a way to increase the genetic diversity of offspring through fertilization by multiple males. Here, we tested for multiple paternity in a freshwater snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum), which is host to several species of sterilizing trem...

Consider the moment curve in the real Euclidean space R defined parametrically by the map γ : R → R, t → γ(t) = (t, t, . . . , t). The cyclic d-polytope Cd(t1, . . . , tn) is the convex hull of the n, n > d, different points on this curve. The matroidal analogues are the alternating oriented uniform matroids. A polytope [resp. matroid polytope] is called cyclic if its face lattice is isomorphic...

recent attitude of vegetation assessors is using of new ecologic approaches to evaluate and analyse the complex rangeland ecosystems. plant diversity is the most important indices to assess the ecological changes of rangelands. in order to survey of plant indices of rangelands, two exclosure areas (long-term and mid-term) and a grazing area in rangelands of javaherdeh (ramsar, iran) were select...

species diversity is one of the important characteristics shows rangeland ecosystems changes, which isalready under effects of management practices. thus, this research was conducted to study speciesdiversity variation and assess suitable distributive abundance model in three rangeland sites in westazerbaijan. these sites were almost similar in environmental properties and differ in view point ...

Abstract 1. Biodiversity is an important component of natural ecosystems, with higher species richness often correlating increase in ecosystem productivity. Yet, this relationship varies substantially across environments, typically becoming less pronounced at high levels richness. However, alone cannot reflect all properties a community, including community evenness, which may mediate the betwe...

This paper starts by presenting an empirical finding in the U.S. stock market: Between 2001 and 2021, high productivity was achieved when Shannon evenness—measuring inverse of concentration—dropped. Conversely, evenness soared, plunged. The same relationship between has been observed several ecosystems. suggests explaining this result adopting business ecosystem perspective, i.e., regarding tan...