1. RECALLS the Council Recommendation of 15 November 2001 on the prudent use of antimicrobial agents in human medicine[1] and the reports of December 2005, April 2010 from the Commission to the Council on its implementation[2] and the Council Recommendation of 9 June 2009 on patient safety, including the prevention and control of healthcare associated infections[3] and the reports of November 2...

In recent years much of the literature has supported the need to achieve greater sustainability in the transport system. Even though there still remains some uncertainty about the effectiveness of alternative policies, many promising measures have been implemented in an increasing number of cities and countries throughout the world. The next steps must be to encourage a more widespread adoption...

Introduction In many European Union (EU) countries, Intensive Care Medicine (ICM) remains a ‘sub-specialty’. Many clinicians/ researchers envision the figure of dedicated intensivists who practice exclusively ICM. Distinct local differences exist in the minimum knowledge, skills, duration of training and non-technical behaviours and this may result in subsequent heterogeneous working conditions.

http://jpis.org On June 23, the citizens of the United Kingdom (UK) voted to leave the European Union (EU) through the referendum known popularly as Brexit. Mick Armstrong, the chair of the Principal Executive Committee of the British Dental Association (BDA), announced, “We did not take a position in this referendum.” However, it has become clear that Brexit does have specific implications for...

This article provides a fact sheet of the European Union (EU) agri-environmental indicator soil erosion. It consists of an overview of recent data, complemented by all information on definitions, measurement methods and context needed to interpret them correctly. The soil erosion article is part of a set of similar fact sheets providing a complete picture of the state of the agri-environmental ...

OBJECTIVE Identify and evaluate current treatment recommendations in Europe for the care of children with diabetes in view of the European Union (EU) recommendations for Reference Centers. METHODS A questionnaire was sent in 2008 to representatives of all EU countries and Norway, all known to be actively involved in pediatric diabetes care. Participants were asked whether specific guidelines ...

The external trade policy of the EU impinges on nearly one fifth of world trade. Hence, an understanding of the principles and practice of the Union's trade policy, the Common Commercial Policy (CCP), is of vital importance to any student of the global trade environment. Ongoing research on the CCP has addressed both broad themes and detailed aspects of the Union's trade policy provides insight...

The European microstates Andorra, Monaco, and San Marino have only been partially integrated into the European single market. Consequently, there are several regulatory gaps in areas such as financial markets, the free movement of workers, as well as within the Schengen Agreement. Moreover, the smooth adaptation of Community acquis is being hampered. In December 2013, the European Council calle...

The Spanish case and proposed policy responses are relevant for the rest of the EU for two reasons. First, all regional markets in the EU with high levels of intermittent renewable penetration will sooner or later have to deal with similar challenges to those now facing Spain. Second, some of the most serious challenges relate to the inconsistency between the EU policy on liberalization of the ...