BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We examined the presence of systemic etiologic factors causing vascular changes in so-called "spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis" (cerebrovascular moyamoya disease) to determine whether extracranial, as well as intracranial, vessels are involved in this disease. METHODS Histopathologic examination and morphometric analysis of the extracranial vessels were per...

Asia, the largest continent in the world, is heterogeneous in the ethnic, socioeconomic, and developmental status of its populations. A vast majority of it is poor with no adequate access to modern health care, making an accurate estimation of the nature and extent of acute kidney injury (AKI) difficult. Community-acquired AKI in otherwise healthy individuals is common, and the population devel...

BACKGROUND Encephalitis is associated with significant mortality and morbidity, but its cause remains largely unknown. We designed a national prospective study in France in 2007 to describe patients with encephalitis, investigate the etiologic diagnosis of encephalitis, and assess risk factors associated with death. METHODS Patients were enrolled by attending physicians according to case defi...

Background: Hirsutism is a common clinical problem with different etiologic factors. Hence, clinical and laboratory studies are necessary to find these factors. Objectives: To determine the etiologic factors of hirsutism with clinical and paraclinical studies including TSH, DHEA-S, LH/FSH, testosterone, prolactin, 17-OH progesterone and sonography of ovary. Patients and Methods: This cross sect...

Root dilaceration (DL) has a significant impact on orthodontic treatment. However, its etiology is still debatable. One of the etiologic factors DL dentigerous cyst (DC); therefore, aim our case-series clinical study was association between and DCs. This retrospective comprised five cases associated with presence DCs developmental origin. In all these cases, other dental anomalies (impaction, t...