We study the relationship between ethnic identity and labour market outcomes of non-EU immigrants in Europe. Using the European Social Survey, we find that there is a penalty to be paid for immigrants with a strong identity. Being a first generation immigrant leads to a penalty of about 17% while secondgeneration immigrants have a probability of being employed that is not statistically differen...

BACKGROUND This study was part of the international research project "Circumpolar Indigenous Pathways to Adulthood" (CIPA). OBJECTIVES To explore ethnic identity negotiation, an unexplored theme, among indigenous North Sami youth living in a majority Sami community context in Arctic Norway. METHODS A qualitative design was followed using open-ended, in-depth interviews conducted in 2010 wit...

The Status of National-Religious Identity in High School Farsi Textbooks Y. Ma'roofi, Ph.D. S. Panaahi Tavaanaa To discover the extent to which the subject of national-religious identity is covered in high school Farsi textbooks in literature, all such textbooks (a total of 8) were content analyzed utilizing a check list of relevant indices. The validity of the instrument was asse...

Despite current interest in the multi-dimensionality of culture and ethnicity there are few studies that have explored the role of discrimination with ethnocultural variables. In this study social identity theory was used as a framework to test the relation between discrimination and components of ethnic identity, and attitudes towards out-groups. A school-based survey in a large south-west met...

This study assesses whether characteristics relating to ethnic identity and social inclusion influence the earnings of recent immigrants in Canada. Past research has revealed that relevant predictors of immigrant earnings include structural and demographic characteristics, educational credentials and employment-related characteristics. However, due to the unavailability of situational and agenc...