Research has suggested that evaluators vary in the extent to which they interpret the challenges they face in ethical terms. The question of what accounts for these differences was explored through a survey completed by 391 individuals listed in the database of the American Evaluation Association. The first section of the questionnaire presented scenarios of evaluators in situations with potent...

Abstract Ethical considerations are the fabric of society, and they foster cooperation, help, sacrifice for greater good. Advances in AI create a need to examine ethical involving development implementation such systems. Integrating ethics into artificial intelligence-based programs is crucial preventing negative outcomes, as privacy breaches biased decision making. Human–AI teaming (HAIT) pres...

We experimentally assess the ethics of the U.S. government’s indirect bailout of the bank counterparties of American International Group (AIG) during the 2008 financial crisis. When the indirect bailout is jointly compared with a counterfactual where the government directly bails out the banks, subjects judge the indirect bailout to be far more unethical. On the other hand, when the two scenari...

The study of aversive Pavlovian conditioning in children can contribute to our understanding of how fears are acquired and extinguished during development. However, methodological issues hamper further research because of ethical and procedural concerns regarding the use of traditional aversive unconditional stimuli (USs) and no established method to measure trial-by-trial changes in the child'...

Throughout history chemists have faced the accusation of ‘playing God’ or similar devilish associations, overshadowing all moral judgments of chemistry. The paper provides an ethical analysis of the accusation with focus on Craig Venter’s 2010 announcement of having produced the ‘first selfreplicating cell’. Against the deeper historical background of the ambitious projects that came to be know...

A random sample of American Evaluation Association (AEA) members were surveyed for their reactions to three case scenarios--informed consent, impartial reporting, and stakeholder involvement--in which an evaluator acts in a way that could be deemed ethically problematic. Significant disagreement among respondents was found for each of the scenarios, in terms of respondents' views of whether the...

As one of the most compelling technologies for imaging the brain, functional MRI (fMRI) produces measurements and persuasive pictures of research subjects making cognitive judgments and even reasoning through difficult moral decisions. Even after centuries of studying the link between brain and behavior, this capability presents a number of novel significant questions. For example, what are the...

Ethical consideration is an inseparable part of policy-making in modern society. Biomedical ethics is an interdisciplinary study of ethical issues that result from advances in medical practices and research. Because these issues often arise at the bedside, society must provide solutions or judgments that are effective and applicable. Thus, the development and progress of biomedical ethics has b...

As the narrative of the behavioral ethics field continues to unfold, we take pause to note the recent research in this domain, highlighting areas of increased depth and increased breadth. Depth is revealed in the growing literatures focused on the role of the self in ethical decision-making and the distinction between intentional and unintentional unethical behavior. Breadth is revealed in work...

This article provides an introduction to the more general issues that are taken up within this theme. In particular it introduces issues dealing with fundamental matters of ethics and justice. In the first instance the matter of how ethical claims are to be justified, and related to that, how ethical disputes are to be adjudicated, is discussed. It is suggested that rational objectivity, involv...