Computers have introduced into our common experience ‘‘ideas about the instability of meanings and the lack of universal and knowable truths.’’ Online education, in particular, serves as a site for alternative enactments of the self, that is, the embodiment of multiple identities in learners. These multiple identities are rather complex: they are enactments of the self implicated in the politic...

Growing use of abortion to prevent births of infants with unfavorable prenatal diagnoses raises ethical questions about active euthanasia for newborn infants with similar impairments. Two opposing ethical arguments are those of Paul Ramsey, who equates genetically indicated abortion with infanticide disapprovingly, and of Joseph Fletcher, who equates the morality of abortion with selective euth...

The authors review the principle features of the managed care system in an effort to understand the ethical assumptions inherent in managed care. The interrelationships among physician incentives, responsibilities of patients and the physician-patient relationship are examined in light of the ethical concerns identified in the managed care system. The managed care system creates ethical tension...

Vulnerability is an important criterion to assess the ethical justification of the inclusion of participants in research trials. Currently, vulnerability is often understood as an attribute inherent to a participant by nature of a diagnosed condition. Accordingly, a common ethical concern relates to the participant's decisionmaking capacity and ability to provide free and informed consent. We p...

Professional integrity requires medical practitioners to practice according to the best medical and ethical standards in different field of medical care, research, and education. Professional authority would not justify doctors to overstep the ethical boundaries even if the medical decision is scientifically sound. Physicians should be informed about ethical principles and guidelines and put th...

Sport and physical activity is an area that remains relatively unexplored by contemporary bioethics. It is, however, an area in which important ethical issues arise. This paper explores the case of the participation of people with anorexia nervosa in exercise. Exercise is one of the central features of anorexia. The presence of anorexics in exercise classes is becoming an increasingly sensitive...

Scatophagus argus argus (Green Scat) is a pretty aquarium fish. Its hard spines are venomous and can cause painful injury. In this study 60 specimens of Green Scat were collected periodically from coastal waters of Boushehr (south of Iran) from May 2011 to April 2012. Anatomical features of venomous spines were investigated. Scat venom was extracted from the spines in a new manner for keeping t...

background: research in reproductive health (rh) has been located in the core of women’s health research. providing accurate information through conducting scientific and controlled research is essential, but increased number of research in the world especially in developing countries in rh area in order to introduce advanced technologies has been resulted in much unethical, illegal and abusive...

A paradigm of case-supported principle-based behavior (CPB) is proposed to help ensure ethical behavior of autonomous machines. We argue that ethically significant behavior of autonomous systems should be guided by explicit ethical principles determined through a consensus of ethicists. Such a consensus is likely to emerge in many areas in which autonomous systems are apt to be deployed and for...