OBJECTIVE To assess the state of national health research systems of countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) African Region. DESIGN A questionnaire-based survey METHODS: Structured questionnaires were used to solicit health research systems' relevant information from key informants in each country. SETTING Forty-six Member States of the WHO African Region. PARTICIPANTS Key inform...

Background: There is a better way to identify profit management companies, and that is to focus on the motivation and ethical beliefs of managers. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the ethical and immoral behaviors of earnings management. Method: The method of conducting the present research in the category of qualitative research is descriptive-survey. The statistical popula...

transformational leadership refers to a process by which people are transformed and it's related to values, ethical features, and long-rang goals. some functions of this leadership style include evaluation of affective motives on followers, their needs satisfaction, and contact methods with them as perfect persons. also leadership styles of managers are affective factor on organizational c...

The construction of civic morality is an important part the soft power urban culture, which can provide strong spiritual motivation for promotion culture. To examine and from perspective ethics, it necessary to strengthen improve moral quality citizens. On practical level, we should construct system concept suitable reality new era, inherit carry forward unique advantages excellent traditional ...