BACKGROUND Self-rated health (SRH) and socioeconomic position (SEP) as important determinants of health differences are associated with health and economic changes in society. The objectives of this paper were (1) to describe trends in SRH and (2) to analyze associations between SRH and SEP among adults in Estonia in 1996-2014. METHODS The study was based on a 25-64-year-old subsample (n = 18...

OBJECTIVES Evidence about the health and quality-of-life outcomes of injuries is obtained mainly from follow-up studies of surviving trauma patients; population-based studies are rarer, in particular for countries in Eastern Europe. This study examines the incidence, prevalence and social variation in non-fatal injuries resulting in activity limitations and outcomes of injuries in Estonia. DE...

Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 9, No. 11, November 2003 1499 R. conorii) (9,10). Higher reciprocal titers were obtained against R. akari antigens than against R. rickettsii and R. conorii antigens (reciprocol titers of 1,024 vs. 512 and 512, respectively). We observed a difference in reduction in antibody titers against R. akari after adsorption with R. akari (Kaplan) (<1...

Country Highlights give an overview of the health and health-related situation in a given country and compare, where possible, its position in relation with other countries in the region. The Highlights have been developed in collaboration with Member States for operational purposes and do not constitute a formal statistical publication. They are based on information provided by Member States a...

In the contemporary era, societies are divided, and political polarization is increasing. One of most powerful instruments government can use general standard education, specifically citizenship education. We will look at case Estonia, because Estonia’s main cleavage ethnic between Estonian Russophone community. Our research question as follows: How would it be possible to democratic education ...

Background: Altered functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and altered melatonin production might modulate the circadian symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Objective: To investigate the influence of different winter photoperiods on the circadian rhythms of serum melatonin, cortisol, tumour necrosis factor a (TNFa), and interleukin 6 (IL6) in patients with rheumatoid...

BACKGROUND Cross-country comparisons of unofficial payments in the health sector are sparse. In 2002 we conducted a social audit of the health sector of the three Baltic States. METHODS Some 10,320 household interviews from a stratified, last-stage-random, sample of 30 clusters per country, together with institutional reviews, produced preliminary results. Separate focus groups of service use...

BACKGROUND Altered functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and altered melatonin production might modulate the circadian symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of different winter photoperiods on the circadian rhythms of serum melatonin, cortisol, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), and interleukin 6 (IL6) in patients with rh...

Post-mining restoration sites often develop novel ecosystems as soil conditions are completely new and ecosystem assemblage can be spontaneous even on afforested sites. This study presents results from long-term monitoring and evaluation of an afforested oil-shale quarry in Estonia. The study is based on chronosequence data of soil and vegetation and comparisons are made to similar forest site-...

BACKGROUND Dramatic social changes took place in the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) in the 1990s. This study investigates the extent to which social variations in self-assessed health changed during that period. METHODS Norbalt Living Conditions Survey I (1994) and II (1999) random population-based samples in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were analysed. Associations of self-ass...