background: allergic diseases have increased during the past decade worldwide. th2 type lymphocyte response is known to play an important role in the process of allergic inflammation. il-4, a mediator of type ii cytokine response increases ige synthesis and interferon gamma, a cytokine of type i response interferes with il-4 and inhibits ige production. selenium is an essential component of glu...

Abstract Alopecia areata (AA) is a T cell mediated autoimmune disease characterized phenotypically by hair loss. NKG2D +CD8 +T cells involved in the pathogenesis of AA. Sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) biologically active metabolite membrane sphingolipids, which essential for immune transport, and known to be mainly inflammatory reactions. Due involvement S1P receptor (S1PR) system, S1PR modulator...

Two experiments were conducted to standardize in ovo injection of amino acids (AA) and to evaluate the effect of in ovo injection of limiting AA(s) on pre and post hatch growth performance, immune response and development of digestive organs. Combinations of essential and non-essential amino acids (Lys+Arg, Lys+Met+Cys, Thr+Gly+Ser, Ile+Leu+Val and Gly+Pro) were injected into 50 eggs in each tr...

BACKGROUND Inflammation and malnutrition are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, and plasma concentrations of free amino acids (AAs) in these patients are often abnormal. Malnutrition contributes to alterations in AA concentrations. OBJECTIVE The objective was to study the effects of inflammation on plasma AA concentrations. DESIGN Concentrations of plasma AAs, serum albumin, a...

Liver fibrosis is a major cause of liver failure, but treatment remains ineffective. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms and anti-hepatofibrotic activities of asiatic acid (AA) in a rat model of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) and in vitro in TGF-beta1-stimulated rat hepatic stellate cell line (HSC-T6). Treatment with AA significantly attenuated CCl(4)-i...

In 1972, Crawford and Sinclair published evidence that AA and DHA were independent determinants of brain growth and evolution [Crawford and Sinclair 1972; Broadhurst et al., 2002; Enard et al., 2002; Pennisi 2002]. Deficiency studies in rodents [Sinclair and Crawford 1972; Benolken et al., 1973; Galli and Socini, 1983; Weisinger et al., 1999; Catalan et al., 2002], chickens [Budowski et al., 19...

Fibrinogen is a 340-kDa dimeric protein, both halves being composed of three polypeptide chains (Aa, Bb, γ) encoded by a cluster of three genes. The combination leads to a molecule organized with a central E domain connected by stranded coiled-coils to two distal D domains. The coiled-coils are in the N-terminal portion of each Aa, Bb and γ chains. The chain assembly starts with either an Aa−γ ...

Spore formulation in Bacillus subtilis is induced under unfavorable growth conditions such as nutrient deprivation and high cell densities. In early stage of sporulation, the cell divides asymmetrically into two compartments, a smaller prespore and a larger mother cell. These remain attached but initiate different programs of transcription by cell-type-specific transcription factors (σ factors)...

Tail biting has several identified feeding-related risk factors. Tail biters are often said to be lighter and thinner than other pigs in the pen, possibly because of nutrition-related problems such as reduced feed intake or inability to use nutrients efficiently. This can lead to an increase in foraging behavior and tail biting. In this study, a total of 55 pigs of different ages were selected ...

The present study was conducted to examine the comparative efficacy of potassium simplex optimization medium (KSOM) and North Carolina State University (NCSU)-23 medium supplemented with beta-mercaptoethanol (beta-ME) and amino acids (AA) on the developmental competence of porcine in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos. Four experiments were conducted. KSOM and NCSU-23 medium were used to culture po...