نتایج جستجو برای: especially the poverty

تعداد نتایج: 16060402  

پایان نامه :وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری - دانشگاه شیراز - دانشکده علوم 1390

any change in the refractive index of a laser active medium can lead to serious degradation of beam quality, laser beam modes, laser performance and variation in the intensity distribution. alteration in the refractive index of laser active medium is especially notable in high power lasers. it is clear that in the laser beam production, the pumping agent induces a great amount of heat which...

2016
MERCEDES MOLPECERES-ABELLA

In this paper, we analyze the correspondence among the rankings of the Spanish regions according to different measures of monetary poverty and quality of life, in 2012. To do that, the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient is used. Different aggregation methods are applied to calculate the selected measures of poverty and quality of life. The monetary poverty measures aggregate the income gap...

2008
Anita Alves Pena

U.S. farmworkers are paid on a piecerate or timerate basis. This paper studies relationships between wage contracts, legal status, and poverty using a representative survey of employed farmworkers which includes detailed information on legal status, including whether a worker is illegal. Results indicate that while piecerate workers earn more per hour on average, they work fewer hours and face ...

Expended Abstract Introduction: Urban neighborhoods are a symbol of urban poverty and its spread over time, mainly due to over-migrations, economic fluctuations, the rapid growth of urbanization, and the neglect of the housing and shelter needs of low-income groups. The World Commission for the Future of Cities in the 21st Century warned that, as urban superlife grows, urban poverty in souther...

Habib-allah Shahriyari Masoud Amiri, Zahra Shahriyari

  Poverty is a multi-dimensional problem and various researchers, based on their field, have investigated different aspects of poverty. Moreover, poverty, as a global problem, could be an interesting subject for both developed and developing countries. In recent decades, both international org...

Journal: :تحقیقات اقتصادی 0
زهرا (میلا) علمی عضو هیئت علمی گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه مازندران محمدتقی گیلک آبادی عضو هیئت علمی گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه مازندران محمدرضا پورقربان دانشجوی دکتری علوم اقتصادی از دانشگاه مازندران

in this paper, using kakwani-son method, price elasticity of poverty is calculated for taxed edible goods in the year 2004. this elasticity shows the total effect of price changes on poverty. the total effect is the sum of redistribution and income effects of price change. in fact, the redistribution effect tells us whether an increase in the price of a commodity hurts the poor more than the ri...

2015
Johan Fritzell Johan Rehnberg Jennie Bacchus Hertzman Jenni Blomgren

Objectives: We aimed to examine the cross-national and cross-temporal association between poverty and mortality, in particular differentiating the impact of absolute and relative poverty. Methods: We employed pooled cross-sectional time series analysis. Our measure of relative poverty was based upon the standard 60 percent of median income. The measure of absolute, or fixed, poverty we based up...

Journal: :تحقیقات اقتصادی 0
سهیلا پروین راضیه زیدی

this paper used a general equilibrium model to evaluate the effects of adjustment polices. the model includes both demand and supply side equations. relationships concerning household and government income are also included in model. iterative three-stage least squares method is used-toestimatethe.model: then the mode/is used to simulate the effect of sevenaltemative policies on poverty and inc...

The Poverty measurement and its determinants are the most important factors in poverty alleviation programs. In this paper, we estimate poverty line and its dimensions by using Linear Expenditure System. To that end, we use household level data from the Statistics Center of Iran during the period of 1994-2008. We examine the main determinants of poverty for urban households using a probi...

2001
Luc Christiaensen Lionel Demery Stefano Paternostro

This paper reviews recent evidence on the trends in household well-being in Africa during the 1990s. It draws on the findings of a series of studies on poverty dynamics which utilize the better data sets now available. It begins by taking a broad view of poverty, tracing changes in both income poverty and in other more direct measures of individual welfare. Experiences have been varied: some co...

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