attempts to define poetry have occupied the minds of many writers for a long time. although all people believe in the existence of poetry, but there is not a consensus on what it is. the diversity of definitions about poetry has led some writers to know basically poetry undefinable, for a widely accepted definition has not yet provided. there have always been some kinds of poetry which have bro...

nasir khosraw ghobadiani balkhi, the iranian poet and philosopher in 5th century (hegira) has poetry and prose works and he has employed to teach religious. his poetry is enjoying of divine inspiration and is overfilled of theology and preaching and asceticism. his prose works has written about philosophy issues and religious points and interpretations of religious commandments and worships. he...

during king abbas i era, dibil khuzāi set out to defend shia thoughts, especially the rightfulness of alavies. he has numerous argumentative poems in favor of the shia thoughts, on imamate and caliphate, and on rejection of the claimants' stances. this article intends to find answer for the following questions. first, what are the bases of dibil's argumentative approach to prove the r...

Spectinomycin, an inhibitor of plastid protein synthesis, can be used to mark specific cell layers in the shoot meristem of Brassica napus. Pale yellow-green (YG) plants resulting from spectinomycin-treatment can be propagated indefinitely in vitro. Microscopic examination showed that YG-plants result from inactivation of plastids in the L2 and L3 layers and are composed of a pale green epiderm...

hafez is considered to be one of the most well-known iranianpoets in german culture. although there are many translations of his divan(anthology and complete translation of poems), the question is do we need a newtranslation? hafiz was obliged to compress all his knowledge in words, which iswhy his poetry is so enigmatic. reading his poetry is like entering a labyrinthfrom where it is difficult...

some arab critics and historians believe that if we cast a look at complete poetical work of mahmoud sami al-baroudi, we will realize that he has not brought anything new into poetical affairs and technical form of poem. and also he has not stepped out of the current issues of his own age. al-baroudi’s poetry has been divided into panegyric, lampoon, glory, and rhyming and his sensational prosp...

emotional complain is derived from the human being inner pains and grief. hafiz ibrahim poetry is full of cries and yells because of happiness loss in his life. he has experimented poverty and difficulty and heard the oppressed people complians and shared with them. a strong relationship between his chosen vocabulary and his grief can be seen that the reader would understand the depth of his sa...

qeysar aminpour (1959-2007) is one of the outstanding figures in contemporary persian poetry. one of the prominent aspects of his poetic style is the distinct language of his poems in the three areas of lexicon, compositions and syntax. relying on these three areas, this study attempted to investigate the most important linguistic features of his poetry in order to figure out special style of t...