in 20th century, artist’s new experiences and diverse examinations along with emerging different art movements, was so immense that in every decade of last century we faced with prodigious changes in modern arts. improvisation is one of the phenomena which enlivened in visual arts of early 20th. in 1909, among art revolutions in the west, visual arts experienced the “improvisation” in the works...

calling tradition is among clearest areas which can be found in modern dramatic literary and artistic texts.  the ancient hero is quite well known  and since long has  found his place in literature and art of different nations especially in legends, epics, folk tales, oral literature and dramatic texts such that it was in a battle with other elements and defeated them. abou khalil alqabbani, th...

If we accept this idea that in talking about art, there is a chasm between thought and unthought debating on art theory in the sociohistorical context of after revolutionary Iran requires at least two items in which understanding and creating art meet one another: 1) Art as door separates intelligible from sensible, rational from irrational, and logos from pathos as well and 2) Art as brid...

abstract throughout history, art in its many existing applications has been a receptacle for the expression of religious believes and rituals.  the various religions’ approach, since the most ancient ages of human civilization, has been one of portraiture and human figure representation has sometimes been regarded as instruments of propaganda of religion and at times inhibiting. the perceptions...

artworks are different in terms of creation, application, function, interpretation and finally meaning. sometimes, we don’t know the meaning of a picture or a literal text. human perceptual media and cognitive faculties are confused. the understanding of artworks is difficult. the ready-mades have disrupted the rules of the aesthetic judgment. the recognition of art from non-art is not the work...

to study art, sociologists have so far related it either to the economic base of the artistic product or to the artist's ideology or world-view or the class structure of the audience and art consumers. the importance of none of these factors could be denied; however, what is more important is the relation between these factors, the complex network of political, economic and social relations tha...

feminist art is one of the main branches of art and is a substantial artistic movement in the west during the 20th century whose artists move toward challenging art and its identification in connection to gender. feminist art considers the whole effective elements on the artwork and subjects as emotional conditions of women, women’s rights, violence and discrimination against women, politics an...

Background: In many countries, 1% to 3% of newborn infants are conceived by Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART). Despite the success of ART, there is concern about the risk of congenital malformations among these infants. We report our experience to determine whether use of ART is associated with an increase in major congenital malformations or adverse pregnancy outcomes Materials and Method...

Objective It is thought that mothers who conceive via assisted reproductive technology (ART) may be at greater risk of postpartum depression (PPD) because of the problems and psychological stresses associated with ART treatment. The aim of the present study is to determine the occurrence of PPD among mothers conceiving via ART in comparison with mothers naturally conceiving, using Edinburgh Pos...