Species diversity includes two aspects, the number of species (species richness) and the proportional abundances of the species (heterogeneity diversity). Species richness and heterogeneity diversity can be measured over different scales; a single point, samples, large scales, biogeographical provinces and in assemblages and habitats. In the literature, the terminology of these scales is confus...

In lecture 17, we discussed spectrum allocation. In the US, the FCC has used various methods to allocate spectrum, a finite resource that has now been fully allocated. That means that there is no spectrum left for newer technologies like mobile phones, so the FCC must reallocate. Currently, the FCC is implementing a mechanism called an incentive auction, which involves a reverse auction and a f...

This study used pitfall trapping to examine community composition and diversity of ground beetles in five different habitats (coniferous, deciduous, mixed coniferous, farmland, and settlements) within Anhui Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve from May to September 2014. In total, 1,352 ground beetles were collected, belonging to 16 genera and 44 species. Of these, four dominant species Dolichus ...

Designing an effective sampling program and accurately interpreting the results requires a knowledge of the sampling characteristics of the various devices which might be used, but such knowledge is lacking for invertebrate samplers that can be used in heavily vegetated wetlands. We evaluated the sampling characteristics of 8 invertebrate samplers in vegetated habitats by employing them side-by...

Agents are autonomous software components that work with one another in a decentralized fashion to achieve some end. Agent systems have been used in Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) before, but these applications seldom take advantage of the fact that each agent may have its own goals and strategies, which makes agent systems an attractive way of providing personalized learning. In particular...

Traditional point-to-point verification is more and more superseded by situation-based verification such as an object-oriented mode. One main reason is that difficulties are encountered while interpreting the outcome of a conventional contingency table based on amplitude thresholds. Firstly, a predetermined amplitude threshold splits the distributions under comparison at an unknown location. In...

Melo-Magalhães, E. M. (2011) Phytoplankton of the São Francisco River estuarine region (northeastern Brazil): a study of its diversity. Braz. J. Aquat. Sci. Technol. 15(1): 95-105. ISSN 1808-7035. Studies aimed at determining phytoplankton composition, biomass (chlorophyll-a), some ecological and physical-chemical characteristics of the São Francisco estuary were conducted at 7 sampling station...

One of the staple foods in a healthy and sustainable diet is legumes. As such, new dietary guidelines around globe now include higher intakes For example, most recent Danish recommend daily intake 100 g cooked This is, however, far from current intakes. The question then, how should legumes be (or not be) designed to enable this grand transition necessary contribute global sustainability goals?...

The aim of this investigation was to assess the differences in terms α-diversity, species composition and trophic structure between peracarid assemblages inhabiting artificial hard substrates those present on natural ones at two sites Western Mediterranean Sea. In each one, samples were collected from substrates, extracted peracarids identified level. Each sample characterised by its Total Abun...

Landscape configuration and forest structure assume an increasing importance as determinants of animal communities. This paper focused on nocturnal Lepidoptera inhabiting alder patches in the Sila National Park, Italy. According to their shapes, were divided into linear compact ones disentangle roles landscape determining composition Lepidopteran communities at different observation scales. We ...