In Europe, cystic echinococcosis is rare in horses and is mostly diagnosed at slaughter or postmortem examination. Equine cystic echinococcosis can be caused by various Echinococcus taxa, but only Echinococcus equinus (the "horse strain") is known to produce fertile cysts. In Europe, E. equinus appears to be endemic in Great Britain, Ireland, Spain, and Italy and has sporadically been reported ...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate feasibility of an assessment protocol for a trial of post-Botox casting to treat equinus gait in cerebral palsy. METHODS Ten children (ages, 26-75 months) were recruited. Nine were assessed 1 week before botulinum toxin-A injections and reassessed 1 week after removal of the final cast. The assessment protocol included Modified Ashworth Sca...

The purpose of this study was to compare estimates of gastrocnemius muscle length (GML) obtained using a segmented versus straight-line model in children. Kinematic data were acquired on eleven typically developing children as they walked under the following conditions: normal gait, crouch gait, equinus gait, and crouch with equinus gait. Maximum and minimum GML, and GML change were calculated ...

Background. Despite the significant progress in medicine in recent years, the number of children with cerebral palsy world-wide is growing systematically, often causing treatment problems. The goal of the present study was to evaluate lengthening of the Achilles tendon in the subcutaneous treatment of equines contractures. Material and methods. We analyzed 104 patients treated in Adult and Pedi...

The susceptibility to infection with a Panamanian isolate of St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus was evaluated in Culex quinquefasciatus, Haemagogus equinus, Mansonia dyari, Sabethes cyaneus and Deinocerites pseudes. When fed on blood-virus suspensions using the hanging drop or pledget technique, the median infective dose (ID50) of SLE virus for colonized strains of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Hg. ...

It is common to see children who walk on their toes, and many different diseases are found to be the cause of this. During the past eight years we have recognised that some children, who appear to be otherwise normal, have a contracture of the calf muscles. We have not read of this condition in the literature and we call it congenital short tendo calcaneus. Between 1958 and 1964 twenty patients...

BACKGROUND Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV), also known as clubfoot, is common congenital orthopedic foot deformity in children characterized by four components of foot deformities: hindfoot equinus, hindfoot varus, midfoot cavus, and forefoot adduction. Although a number of conservative and surgical methods have been proposed to correct the clubfoot deformity, the relapses of the clubfoot...

BACKGROUND Triple arthrodesis has long been used for the treatment of painful malalignment or arthritis of the hindfoot. However, the effect of fusion on adjacent joints has sparked interest in a more limited arthrodesis in patients without involvement of the calcaneocuboid joint. METHOD Results of 16 feet in 14 patients who had a modified double arthrodesis for symptomatic flatfoot, cavovaru...

diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis can be confirmed based on clinical and/or radiological features. the potential of a progressive disease can be prevented or decreased by earlier recognition and correction of associated factors. obesity and alignment especially varus malalignment are recognized factors of a progressive disease. both nonpharmalogical as well as pharmacological modalities of treat...