This paper proposes a new approach to estimating equilibrium exchange rates for small open economies. We set up a simple structural model of output, the rate of inflation and the real exchange rate. These observed variables are explained by unobserved equilibrium rates as well as unobserved transitory components in output and the exchange rate. Using Canadian data over 1974-2008 we jointly esti...

In this paper, we formulate the energy equilibrium problem as an optimal corona division, where data fusion is considered in data gathering. For a circular multi-hop sensor network with uniform node distribution, we demonstrate that the maximum energy equilibrium for a given circular area can be achieved only if the area increases in geometric progression from the outer corona to the neighborin...

We investigate the dynamical behavior of a delayed HIV infection model with general incidence rate and immune impairment. We derive two threshold parameters, the basic reproduction number R 0 and the immune response reproduction number R 1. By using Lyapunov functional and LaSalle invariance principle, we prove the global stability of the infection-free equilibrium and the infected equilibrium ...

Modelling of heat transfer in non-equilibrium reacting gas flows is very important and promising for many up-to-date practical applications. Thus, calculation of heat fluxes is needed to solve the problem of heat protection for the surfaces of space vehicles entering into planet atmospheres. In high-temperature and hypersonic flows of gas mixtures, the energy exchange between translational and ...