indicators only partially capture the elements of gender equality, the chapter introduces fi ve complementary indicators that provide a more complete and nuanced description of gender equality and women’s empowerment. The indicators are measurable, actionable, and parsimonious; three of the fi ve build on existing measures of other MDGs, so the data requirements for monitoring them are not oner...

Several strands in the international development of taxation during last decades have contributed to structural problems that act as a hinder and even counteract basis for gender equality. A general problem is tax equity has become equivalent what good economic growth. When social justice no longer plays part policy concern, welfare state erodes. The income gap becomes extremely large, poverty ...