Reports of malaria are increasing in many countries and in areas thought free of the disease. One of the factors contributing to the reemergence of malaria is human migration. People move for a number of reasons, including environmental deterioration, economic necessity, conflicts, and natural disasters. These factors are most likely to affect the poor, many of whom live in or near malarious ar...

Growing load and deterioration of the environment can be interpreted as a result of some external effects interventions. While the positive externalities influence the positive productional and utilizational functions of other subjects, the negative externalities influence the negative ones. Both types of external effects can act as parcial or global externalities. Linking of environmental issu...

Three cases of primary band-shaped spheroidal degeneration of the cornea from two consanguineous families are reported. In all cases vision deteriorated slowly, the deterioration beginning in childhood. Photophobia in childhood was also a common symptom, and two patients suffered from intermittent painful sensations. The occupational and environmental histories had no bearing on the cases. Hist...

Ripening and senescence are the ultimate phases in the developmental events of fruits that result in the expression of the quality characteristics inherent to the fruit. Although it is difficult to demarcate a dividing point between ripening and senescence, the former can be designated as the quality-developing phase, whereas the latter predominantly involves the loss of quality. Degradation of...

Ductile iron replaced grey cast iron as pipe material in the early 1970s. It has been estimated that almost half of all new water mains in North America are ductile iron. The main cause of the structural deterioration of all metallic mains is external corrosion, which is induced by environmental and operational conditions. Internal corrosion, on the other hand, can cause significant functional ...

Structural deterioration is becoming a major problem when considering long term performance of infrastructures. The existence of a corrosive environment, cyclic loading and concrete cracking cause structural strength degradation. The interaction of these conditions can only be taken into account when modeling the coupled action. In this paper, a new model to assess lifetime of RC structures sub...

The paintings from Tomba della Scimmia, in Tuscany, are representative of the heavy bacterial colonization experienced in most Etruscan necropolises. The tomb remained open until the late 70's when it was closed because of severe deterioration of the walls, ceiling and paintings after decades of visits. The deterioration is the result of environmental changes and impacts suffered since its disc...

The cellular basis of age-related tissue deterioration remains largely obscure. The ability to activate compensatory mechanisms in response to environmental stress is an important factor for survival and maintenance of cellular functions. Autophagy is activated both under short and prolonged stress and is required to clear the cell of dysfunctional organelles and altered proteins. We report tha...

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by rest tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability. The cause is unknown, but growing evidence suggests that it may be due to a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Treatment during the early stage of Parkinson's disease has evolved, and evidence suggests that dopamine agonist monotherapy may prev...

Abstract. Environmental conditions can favour different kinds of deterioration in historic reinforced concrete structures. This preliminary results from literature review are focused on the climate-induced risks affecting buildings with respect to mechanical, chemical, and biological deterioration. To this purpose, a three-step process defined by PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic...