Enteric pathogens with low infectious doses rely on the ability to orchestrate the expression of virulence and metabolism-associated genes in response to environmental cues for successful infection. Accordingly, the human pathogen enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) employs a complex multifaceted regulatory network to link the expression of type III secretion system (T3SS) components to n...

Equity issues have led many economists to re-consider their preference for conducting efficiency analyses with aggregated estimates of the benefits and costs of changes in environmental resource allocations. For instance, there is evidence that health risks due to hazardous wastes disproportionately affects the poor and non-white. Policies that lead to these disproportionate effects are not nec...

Theory relating species richness to ecosystem variability typically ignores the potential for environmental variability to promote species coexistence. Failure to account for fluctuation-dependent coexistence may explain deviations from the expected negative diversity-ecosystem variability relationship, and limits our ability to predict the consequences of increases in environmental variability...

Of global concern, environmental pollution adversely affects human health and socioeconomic development. The presence of environmental contaminants, especially bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens and their toxins as well as chemical substances, poses serious public health concerns. Nanoparticle-based biosensors are considered as potential tools for rapid, specific, and highly sensitive de...

the consumption of chemical fertilizers and increasing environmental crisis has emphasized to increase interest in sustainable agriculture. the farmers' knowledge related to sustainable agriculture has an important role in their environmental behaviors. this research investigated factors affecting men and women cotton producers’ knowledge. the survey research was conducted using stratified...

in this article, the effect of the nonextensivity parameter on the energy fluctuations of nonextensive systems is studied in two different versions of the tsallis statistical mechanics. once a general expression has been reported for the energy fluctuations in the second version (tsallis work in 1988), the energy fluctuations of an ideal gas and a harmonic oscillator are studied in the second a...

Experiences affect mood, which in turn affects subsequent experiences. Recent studies suggest two specific principles. First, mood depends on how recent reward outcomes differ from expectations. Second, mood biases the way we perceive outcomes (e.g., rewards), and this bias affects learning about those outcomes. We propose that this two-way interaction serves to mitigate inefficiencies in the a...

The HTLV-1 virus produces a progressive inflammatory, and then degenerative, myelopathy which evolves progressively from onset. HTLV-1 in endemic in populations which are recognized as having low risk of multiple sclerosis . Multiple sclerosis generally evolves as a relapsing-remitting disease and affects predominantly Caucasians. In Caucasians, HAM/TSP can be marked by fluctuations as well as ...

Salinity is one of the environmental factors that have a critical influence on the germination of seeds and plant establishment. Salinity affects imbibition, germination and root elongation. In this study, the germination characteristics of Matricaria comomilla and Thymus deanensis were studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of salinity on germination of these species....