Annotations have been shown to be an important activity during reading, especially during “active reading”. Annotations support understanding, interpretation, sensemaking and scannability. As valuable as in paperbased contexts, digital online annotations provide several benefits for annotators and collaborators. To study the impact of these benefits we present in this paper SpreadCrumbs, a stra...

The recent fi nancial crisis highlighted the need for a better assessment of systemic risk—risk at the level of the entire fi nancial system. Thus, models of the fi nancial system and the complex interactions of the institutions within it have become a major priority for central banks. The development of the MacroFinancial Risk Assessment Framework (MFRAF) is an important step because it provid...