A prominent feature of the auditory system is that neurons show tuning to audio frequency; each neuron has a characteristic frequency (CF) to which it is most sensitive. Furthermore, there is an orderly mapping of CF to position, which is called tonotopic organization and which is observed at many levels of the auditory system. In a previous study (Thwaites et al., 2016) we examined cortical en...

Auditory cortical activity is entrained to the temporal envelope of speech, which corresponds to the syllabic rhythm of speech. Such entrained cortical activity can be measured from subjects naturally listening to sentences or spoken passages, providing a reliable neural marker of online speech processing. A central question still remains to be answered about whether cortical entrained activity...

BACKGROUND High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) has been utilized as a rescue oxygenation therapy in adults with ARDS over the last decade. The HFOV oscillating piston can generate negative pressure during the exhalation cycle, which has been termed active exhalation. We hypothesized that this characteristic of HFOV entrains CO(2) into the inspiratory limb of the circuit and increases...

A fundamental property of circadian clocks is that they entrain to environmental cues. The circadian genes, Period1 and Period2, are involved in entrainment of the mammalian circadian system. To investigate the roles of the Period genes in photic entrainment, we constructed phase response curves (PRC) to light pulses for C57BL/6J wild-type, Per1(-/-), Per2(-/-), and Per3(-/-) mice and tested wh...

In the vertebrate spinal cord, a neural circuit called the central pattern generator produces the basic locomotory rhythm. Short and long distance intersegmental connections serve to maintain coordination along the length of the body. As a way of examining the influence of such connections, we consider a model of a chain of coupled phase oscillators in which one oscillator receives a periodic f...

Submitted for the MAR14 Meeting of The American Physical Society Entrainment of a Synthetic Oscillator through Queueing Coupling1 PHILIP HOCHENDONER, WILLIAM MATHER, NICHOLAS BUTZIN, CURTIS OGLE, Virginia Tech — Many biological systems naturally exhibit (often noisy) oscillatory patterns that are capable of being entrained by external stimuli, though the mechanism of entrainment is typically ob...

In conversation, speakers have been shown to entrain, or become more similar to each other, in various ways. We measure entrainment on eight acoustic features extracted from the speech of subjects playing a cooperative computer game and associate the degree of entrainment with a number of manually-labeled social variables acquired using Amazon Mechanical Turk, as well as objective measures of d...

It is well established that speakers of Standard American English entrain, or become more similar to each other as they speak, in acoustic-prosodic features of their speech as well as other behaviors. Entrainment in other languages is less well understood. This work uses a variety of metrics to measure acoustic-prosodic entrainment in four comparable corpora of task-oriented conversational spee...

Efficient turbulent entrainment causes otherwise dense volcanic jets to rise high into the atmosphere as buoyant plumes. Classical models suggest that the inflow of air is 10–15% of the axial velocity, giving predictions for the height of the plume and, in turn, the composition and structure of the resulting umbrella clouds. Crucially, entrainment is assumed independent of source geometry and m...

Pump intake is designed to provide adequate water supply to pumps. It is essential to design the pump intake to provide fairly uniform and swirl free flow to pumps. However, it is not always possible due to site constraints. Investigation of pump intake is required prior to installing the pumps at site. There are two approaches (experimental and numerical) followed for such investigation. The p...