Three different sets of experiments conducted in the Navy Laboratory (NAWCWD) at China Lake, California (1990-1994) clearly established that helium-4 is the main fusion product in the Pd/D2O+LiOD electrolysis system. A correlation between excess enthalpy and excess helium-4 was measured in 18 out of 21 experiments. The observation of no excess enthalpy was correlated with no excess helium in 12...

using gaussian 03, software the thermodynamic functions such as gibbs free energy, g, enthalpy, h, and entropy, s, of alanine and valine amino acids were theoretically studied at different solvents. first, the density functional theory (b3lyp) level with 3-21g, 6-31g and 6-31+g basis sets were employed to optimization of isolated alanine and valine amino acids in the gas phase. moreover, vib...

Molecular dynamics simulations of bulk copper, gold pure metals and their ordered intermetallics alloys of Cu3Au(L12) and CuAu3(L12) have been carried out between above 0 K and below the their melting points of the materials for predicting their temperature-dependent thermophysical properties. The effects of temperature and concentration on the physical properties such as enthalpy, volume, heat...

We report a thermodynamic and structural analysis of six extensively simplified bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) variants containing 19-24 alanines out of 58 residues. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated a two-state thermal unfolding, typical of a native protein with densely packed interior. Surprisingly, increasing the number of alanines induced enthalpy stabilization, which ...

Many empirical parameters have been suggested to measure solvent effects in chemical reactions. Gutmann's donor number has been a successful parameter to quantify the electron-donating property of the solvent molecule; it is defined as the enthalpy change of the addition reaction of solvent molecule to SbCl(5) in 1,2-dichloroethane. Calorimetric measurements can be applied to determine the qu...

The solvation of alanine is investigated, with a focus on adding a sufficient number of discrete water molecules to determine the first solvation shell for both the nonionized (N) and zwitterionic (Z) forms to converge the enthalpy of solvation and the enthalpy difference for the two forms of alanine. Monte Carlo sampling was employed using the generalized effective fragment potential (EFP) met...