In contrast to Bacillus subtilis, the role of the two-component regulatory system ResDE has not yet been investigated in the facultative anaerobe Bacillus cereus. We examined the role of ResDE in the food-borne pathogen B. cereus F4430/73 by constructing resDE and resE mutants. Growth performances, glucose metabolism, and expression of hemolysin BL (Hbl) and nonhemolytic enterotoxin (Nhe) were ...

With the exceptions of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus species are generally perceived to be inconsequential. However, the relevance of other Bacillus species as food poisoning organisms and etiological agents in nongastrointestinal infections is being increasingly recognized. Eleven Bacillus species isolated from veterinary samples associated with severe nongastrointestinal in...

Clostridium perfringens type E isolates produce iota-toxin, which is encoded by iap and ibp genes. Using Southern blot analyses, the current study identified iap/ibp plasmids of approximately 97 or approximately 135 kb among eight type E isolates. For most of these isolates, their iap/ibp plasmid also encoded urease and lambda-toxin. However, the beta2-toxin gene, if present, was on a different...

Denmark is a low prevalence country with regard to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In 2008 and 2014, two neonatal wards in the Copenhagen area experienced outbreaks with a typical community acquired MRSA belonging to the same spa type and sequence type (t015:ST45) and both were PVL and ACME negative. In outbreak 1, the isolates harbored SCCmec IVa and in outbreak 2 SCCmec V....

yersinia enterocolitica is newly included in the classification of both the invasive bacteria, e.g. shigella, and the toxicogenic bacteria, e.g. escherichia coli. five human strains and 45 environmental strains were used to produce y.enterocolitical enterotoxin at 40c, 240c and 370c using infant mouse assay. at 250c enterotoxin was produced by 10 environmental strains and by all of the 3 human ...

A conjugative plasmid with potential usefulness for vaccine strains was constructed. In the first step, a 5.9-kilobase DNA segment containing the two loci for the A and B subunits of heat-labile enterotoxin with a mutation in the gene for the A subunit was joined to the cloning vehicle pGA22, generating the nonconjugative plasmid pPMC4 with genes for resistance to tetracycline and chloramphenic...

BACKGROUND Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) cause infectious diarrhea and diarrheal death. However, the genetic properties of pathogenic strains vary spatially and temporally, making prevention and treatment difficult. In this study, the genomic features of the major type of ETEC in Korea from 2003 to 2011 were examined by whole-genome sequencing of strain NCCP15740, and a comparative ge...

elaboration of different toxins by enterotoxigenic e. coli has been considered as one of the main virulence factors contributing to the manifestation of disease caused by these microorganisms. various strategies have been employed to raise antibodies against these toxins as a line of defense. in this study, the 3’ terminus of the gene that codes for the binding subunit of the heat-labile entero...

Milk and its products can be frequently contaminated with enterotoxigenic methicillin-resistant S. aureus, in such a case, it causes various diseases, especially staphylococcal food poisoning. In the present study, 100 sample materials (50 goat milk, 25 cream, cheese) were collected from 65 livestock farms Erzurum. All samples analyzed tested selectively according to EN ISO 6888-1 procedure sta...

Bacillus thuringiensis is the leading biopesticide used to control insect pests worldwide. Although they have a long record of safe use, under certain conditions commercial strains of B. thuringiensis have the ability to produce numerous putative enterotoxins that have been associated with food poisoning attributed to Bacillus cereus. Therefore, we designed a strategy to delete the genes encodi...