An enterocutaneous (EC) fistula is referred to as a channel between the gut and the skin. Effluent of an EC fistula of more than 500 ml per day is considered as high output. Patients with high output EC fistulae have a high morbidity and mortality rate. No evidence-based guidelines are available for this condition and more research is required to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Neverth...

Although arterialovenous fistulae (AVF) is considered to be vital for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, but they may cause complications and problems. For instance they may fail soon after their creation. The most important cause of failure in these cases is intrafistula thrombus formation. Whereas anti-platelet drugs are not routinely used after fistulae creation, we conducted this stud...

BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal presentations of Crohn's disease are rare and they include psoas abscess, thigh abscesses and in extreme cases septic arthropathy. CASE PRESENTATION Herein, we present a 53 year old gentleman with bilateral thigh fistulae discovered to be a new diagnoses of extra-intestinal Crohn's disease CONCLUSION It is important to consider Crohn's disease in patients that pre...

A case of multiple pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae associated with cirrhosis of the liver is described. The diagnosis was made by contrast two-dimensional echocardiography and confirmed by cardiac catheterisation and pulmonary angiography. As it is a sensitive and non-invasive technique, contrast two-dimensional echocardiography may be a useful screening test in cyanotic patients with liver di...

We report the case of a 74 year-old woman admitted for coronary angiogram because of widespread electrocardiographic repolarization abnormalities. Her past medical history was mainly paroxystic atrial fibrillation. Her cardiovascular risk factors were age and smoking. Echocardiography revealed apical left ventricular hypertrophy. Physical examination was normal. Surprisingly, the coronary angio...

A three stage strategy is generally employed in the management of gastrointestinal fistulae which can form due to surgery, disease, or trauma. The condition is investigated leading to diagnosis, conservative treatment is initiated to stabilise the patient, followed by specific surgical treatment measures in complicated cases, or in the absence of spontaneous closure. Conservative management of ...

Coronary artery fistulae are usually identified during invasive coronary angiographies. However, in this case, we made the early detection of coronary artery fistulae during non-invasive transthoracic echocardiography, by demonstrating diastolic multiple abnormal color Doppler flows on the entire left ventricular walls including left ventricular free wall, interventricular septum and apex, whic...

During the period 1955 to 1974 inclusive, 826 patients developed Crohn's disease and were registered citizens of Stockholm County at the time of definite diagnosis. These patients were followed up and investigated with reference to the occurrence of and outcome after treatment for anal fistulae. These fistulae were recorded in 184 patients (23%). The incidence of anal fistulae increased the fur...