A dynamic 3-D spherical-shell model for the chemical evolution of the Earth’s mantle is presented. Chemical differentiation, convection, stirring, and thermal evolution constitute an inseparable dynamic system. Our model is based on the solution of the balance equations of mass, momentum, energy, angular momentum, and four sums of the number of atoms of the pairs U-Pb, U-Pb, Th-Pb, and K-Ar. Si...

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New crystallization temperatures for four eruptions from the Northern Volcanic Zone of Iceland are determined using olivine-spinel aluminum exchange thermometry. Differences in the olivine crystallization temperatures between these eruptions are consistent with variable extents of cooling during fractional crystallization. However, the crystallization temperatures for Iceland are systematically...

Basalts erupted within intra-transform spreading centers can be valuable probes of geochemical components in Earth's upper mantle, and provide constraints on the proportions mantle carbon that are juvenile (primordial) vs. tectonically recycled. Here we present new results for submarine basalt glasses, Garrett Transform Fault (GTF) to its north south along East Pacific Rise (EPR). Analyses 3He/...

Abstract The petrogenesis and evolution process of continental arc magmatism provide insight into discovering the formation differentiation crust. Therefore, geochemical, isotopic, mineralogical analyses were conducted for coeval igneous rocks in Tengchong Block to clarify their magmatic systems. Middle Triassic appinites Block, southeastern extension Tibet, generated at subduction setting with...

We review physical and chemical constraints on the mechanisms of melt extraction from the mantle beneath mid-ocean ridges. Compositional constraints from MORB and abyssal peridotite are summarized, followed by observations of melt extraction features in the mantle, and constraints from the physical properties of partially molten peridotite. We address two main issues. (1) To what extent is melt...