Goldfish virus-2 replication was enhanced in vitro by pretreatment of CAR cells with subcytotoxic concentrations of carbaryl and toxaphene. This phenomenon was time and temperature dependent. Shortening of pretreatment with carbaryl eliminated enhancement, which was observed for toxaphene only with substantially increased concentrations. Decreasing the temperature of pretreatment (4 degrees C) ...

Borneol and menthol are terpenes that are widely used as penetration enhancers in transdermal drug delivery. To explore their penetration-enhancement effects on hydrophilic drugs, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was selected as a model drug. An approach that combined in vitro permeation studies and coarse-grained molecular dynamics was used to investigate their penetration-enhancement effect on 5-FU. The...

Primates use saccadic eye movements to make gaze changes. In many visual areas, including the dorsal medial superior temporal area (MSTd) of macaques, neural responses to visual stimuli are reduced during saccades but enhanced afterwards. How does this enhancement arise-from an internal mechanism associated with saccade generation or through visual mechanisms activated by the saccade sweeping t...

in the present study, ptruce/mwnts nanocatalysts synthesized via polyol process technique are applied as anode electro-catalyst in methanol electro-oxidation reaction (mor). to characterize the nanocatalysts, tem, xrd, eds and xps are investigated. cyclic voltammetry and choronoamperometry are used to evaluate the electro-catalytic activity and stability of the catalysts in methanol electro-oxi...

Synthetic jets perpendicular to the mainstream have been used experimentally study coaxial mixing enhancement in this paper. The parameters of such as vorticity, streamwise velocity, radial Reynolds shear stress, and turbulence intensity are measured using particle image velocimetry (PIV) hot wire anemometers. distribution characteristics these with without synthetic were obtained. mechanism wa...

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are considered as a special case of mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) and are recently gaining a great attention from the research community. The need for improved road safety, traffic efficiency and direct communication along with the great complexity in routing, makes VANETs a highly challenging field.. Routing in VANETs has to adapt to special characteristics...

Problem statement: Routers are very important components in any network. They control and organize the in-bound traffic and the out-bound traffic. Controlling a router by an intruder leaves the entire network unsecured. In different studies, Router security was discussed from different aspects such as the routing protocol, the firewall. In this research, we present a new effective security mech...

It has been assumed that plaque enhancement by cationic polymers is due to their binding of sulfated polysaccharides in agar. However, viruses that are enhanced by cationic polymers, diethylaminoethyl-dextran, and protamine were found not to be inhibited by polyanions in agar under the usual overlay conditions. In the case of adenovirus, enhancement by protamine seems to be due to the protamine...

Olfactory-discrimination learning was shown to induce a profound long-lasting enhancement in the strength of excitatory and inhibitory synapses of pyramidal neurons in the piriform cortex. Notably, such enhancement was mostly pronounced in a sub-group of neurons, entailing about a quarter of the cell population. Here we first show that the prominent enhancement in the subset of cells is due to ...

We investigated force enhancement following stretching in the in situ cat soleus muscle on the ascending and descending limb of the force-length relationship by varying the amount and speed of stretching and the frequency of activation (5 Hz, 30 Hz). There was a small but consistent (P<0.05) amount of force enhancement following muscle stretching on the ascending limb of the force-length relati...