We investigated the feasibility of gene transfer into the mouse central nervous system (CNS) by applying nanosecond pulsed laser-induced stress waves (LISWs). Intraventricular or hippocampal injection of a reporter gene [enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)] followed by application of LISWs showed this method to be efficient in the CNS of newborn and adult mice. Cells expressing EGFP resid...

We report the fabrication of a three dimensional branched ZnO/Si heterojunction nanowire array by a two-step, wafer-scale, low-cost, solution etching/growth method and its use as photoelectrode in a photoelectrochemical cell for high efficiency solar powered water splitting. Specifically, we demonstrate that the branched nanowire heterojunction photoelectrode offers improved light absorption, i...

background and aims. lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disorder with unspecified etiology, appearing as a result of stress, genetic predisposition and immunologic factors. erosive type of the disease is more important because of its clinical symptoms of pain, irritation and malignancy risk. despite various medications used, a definite cure for lichen planus is unknown. regarding the effec...

Plasmonic nanostructures separated by nanogaps enable strong electromagnetic-field confinement on the nanoscale for enhancing light-matter interactions, which are in great demand in many applications such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). A simple M-shaped nanograting with narrow V-shaped grooves is proposed. Both theoretical and experimental studies reveal that the electromagnetic f...

We study the enhanced dewetting of ultrathin Polystyrene (PS)/Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blend films in a mixed solution, and reveal the dewetting can act as a simple and effective method to fabricate large-area surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. A bilayer structure consisting of under PMMA layer and upper PS layer forms due to vertical phase separation of immiscible PS/...

this study determined some spectral characteristics and relationship between landsat spectral reflectance and soil surface color in the arid region of iran (kashan). the study carried out in the kashan area that covers 90000 ha. consisting of mountain, hills and flood plain. enhanced thematic mapper (etm+) data collected on july 2002 were used for this research. the color composite images produ...

the use of satellite data in an estimation of air temperature (ta) near the earth’s surface has turned into an effective way for a large area of high spatial and temporal resolution. throughout the present study, artificial neural network (ann) as well as m5 model tree were employed to estimate ta in khuzestan province (south west of iran), using satellite remotely sensed land surface temperatu...

Radiation enhanced diffusion at the surface of metals has been observed and studied for low-energy nitrogen ions at the surface of copper. The displacement of the target atoms during irradiation creates vacancies and other defects near the surface, thus enhancing the diffusion of implanted materials toward the surface and also into the solid. The mechanism has been studied here by a specia...

The localized and propagating surface plasmon co-enhanced Raman scattering of 4-mercaptopyridine was observed based on evanescent field excitation. The most effective coupling of the localized and propagating surface plasmons resulted in a >50 times enhanced signal relative to signals obtained on vacuum-deposited silver film.