This paper presents a general framework how controlled natural languages can be evaluated and compared on the basis of user experiments. The subjects are asked to classify given statements (in the language to be tested) as either true or false with respect to a certain situation that is shown in a graphical notation called “ontographs”. A first experiment has been conducted that applies this fr...

Research has demonstrated girls to outperform boys on conventional literacy tests. The present studies concern gender differences on computerised educational tests. Seventy-one children were tested using LASS Secondary and a set of seven conventional measures. No significant gender differences were found on any of the LASS Secondary modules, although females did outperform males on a convention...

Melasma Confocal Microscopy in Diagnosis and Management of Melasma: Review of Literature Dimitris Sgouros1*, Giovanni Pellacani2, Alexandros Katoulis1, Dimitris Rigopoulos1 and Caterina Longo3 12nd Department of Dermatology, “ATTIKON” University Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece 2Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy 3Dermatology and Skin Cancer Unit,...

As society becomes increasingly dependent on literacy, the problems of textual information inaccessible to print-impaired people are likely to grow. This paper discusses the problems of decentralised, user-driven Braille translation and proposes an alternative: The centralised, email-based RoboBraille service capable of translating to and from contracted Braille, including any preor post proces...

We report a new measurement of the cosmological Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) diminution of ∆T ' −(750 ± 200) μK at 10.55 GHz with the Effelsberg 100-m radio telescope towards the A 2218 cluster of galaxies. We also report and analyse the X-ray observations of the A 2218 cluster of galaxies with the ROSAT satellite. The position and the strength of the measured SZ diminution are in excellent agreement...

the meaning of an idiomatic expression cannot be transparently worked out from the meanings of its constituent words due to its figurative and unpredictable nature. consequently, the syntactic composition and the structural paradigm of an idiomatic expression are supposed to be the same in every context. however, this is not the case in the institutionalized second language varieties of english...

nowadays, english is the leading foreign language enjoying a prestigious position in many countries, including iran. in recent years, english is more and more popular in the world and the importance of learning english cannot be overstated in an increasingly interconnected and globalized world. in this regard, studying the status of language of the educated class of the society such as teachers...

the present study sought to investigate the evidence for cross-linguistic transfer in a partial english immersion and non-immersion educational setting. to this end, a total of 145 first, third and fifth graders in a partial english immersion program and 95 students from the same grade levels in a non-immersion program were chosen. six different english and persian tests were administered: the ...