Osteocalcin is a bone matrix protein that has been associated with several hormonal actions on energy and glucose metabolism. Animal and experimental models have shown that osteocalcin is released into the bloodstream and exerts biological effects on pancreatic beta cells and adipose tissue. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin is the hormonally active isoform and stimulates insulin secretion and enha...

Obesity results in marked alterations in cardiac energy metabolism, with a prominent effect being an increase in fatty acid uptake and oxidation by the heart. Obesity also results in dramatic changes in the release of adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, both of which have emerged as important regulators of cardiac energy metabolism. The link among obesity, cardiovascular disease, lipid ...

V. Careau ([email protected]) and D. Thomas, Dépt de Biologie, Univ. de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, J1K 2R1. M. M. Humphries, Natural Resource Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill Univ., Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada, H9X 3V9. D. Réale, Canada Research Chair in Behavioural Ecology, Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Comportementale et Animale, Dépt des Sciences Biologiques, Un...

The effect of target location, speed, and handedness on the average total mechanical energy and movement efficiency is studied in 15 healthy subjects (7 males and 8 females with age 22.9 +/- 1.79 years old) performing full body reaching movements. The average total mechanical energy is measured as the time average of integration of joint power, potential energy, and kinetic energy respectively....

During walking, the centre of mass of the body moves like that of a 'square wheel': with each step cycle, some of its kinetic energy, E(k), is converted into gravitational potential energy, E(p), and then back into kinetic energy. To move the centre of mass, the locomotory muscles must supply only the power required to overcome the losses occurring during this energy transduction. African women...

Obesity occurs when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure over a protracted period of time. The energy expenditure associated with everyday activity is called NEAT (Nonexercise activity thermogenesis). NEAT varies between two people of similar size by 2000 kcal day(-1) because of people's different occupations and leisure-time activities. Data support the central hypothesis that NEAT is pivo...

We describe a systems approach to Parkinson’s disease in which an integrative mathematical model of the brain energy metabolism is used as the basis for in–silico investigation of possible disease mechanisms. The mathematical model allows both the analysis of dynamical and structural implications of biological factors implicated in disease causation, and the potential role of a compromised brai...

BACKGROUND Obesity is a consequence of chronic energy imbalance. We need accurate and precise measurements of energy intake and expenditure, as well as the related behaviors, to fully understand how energy homeostasis is regulated in order to develop interventions and evaluate their effectiveness to combat the global obesity epidemic. SCOPE OF REVIEW We provide an in-depth review of the metho...