Integrable theories on the lattice having zero energy gap exhibit conformal invariance for long distances. It is shown here how to extract its conformal properties (central charge e and scaling dimensions) from the Bethe ansatz equations. The methods here exposed are applied to the six-vertex model and to the critical Potts model.

Clusters play important role for understanding and transferring microscopic to macroscopic properties.Geometric and electron properties of Small nickel clusters up to the tetramer has been investigated by Density Functional Theory (DFT). Raising the number of nickel clusters atoms were indicated decreasing the average equilibrium (Ni-Ni) distance of atoms and also the binding energy of per atom...

Solar energy is a good option among renewable energy resources due to its easy availability and abundance. The simplest and most efficient way to utilize solar energy is to convert it into thermal energy and this can be done with the help of solar collectors. The thermal performance of such collectors is poor due to less heat transfer from the collector surface to air. In this work, experimenta...

Structures and relative stabilities of carbon clusters belonging to different families have been investigated for diameters d < or = 5 nm based on an efficient semiempirical molecular dynamics (MD) scheme as well as a density functional theory based simulation. Carbon clusters studied include fullerenes and fullerene-derived structures (e.g., cages and onions), icosahedral structures, bucky-dia...

We have developed a Kramers–Kronig consistent analytical expression to fit the measured optical functions of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) based alloys, i.e., the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function (e1 ,e2) ~or the index of refraction n and absorption coefficient a! versus photon energy E for the alloys. The alloys of interest include amorphous silicon–germanium (a-Si...

OBJECTIVE To measure the toxicity of phenol, aniline, and their derivatives to algae and to assess, model, and predict the toxicity using quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) method. METHODS Oxygen production was used as the response endpoint for assessing the toxic effects of chemicals on algal photosynthesis. The energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (E(LUMO)) and...

electron energy relative to the valence band top for x 0:05, averaged over 100 configurations of 200 Mn impurities (dark gray area). The light gray bar denotes the GaAs gap. The dashed line shows the Fermi energy for p 0:1. Inset: Average Mn (positive) and hole (negative) spin polarizations for the same parameters. The dotted curves have been obtained with overlap matrix elements t r > 0 as in ...