نتایج جستجو برای: energy fluence
تعداد نتایج: 669012 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
The observations of the exceptionally bright gamma-ray burst (GRB) 130427A by the Large Area Telescope aboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope provide constraints on the nature of these unique astrophysical sources. GRB 130427A had the largest fluence, highest-energy photon (95 GeV), longest γ-ray duration (20 hours), and one of the largest isotropic energy releases ever observed from a GRB....
On December 27, 2004, practically all gamma-ray satellites were saturated by a giant flare from SGR1806−20 (Borkowski et al. 2004; Hurley et al. 2004; Mazets et al. 2004). This giant flare was strong enough to affect our ionosphere (Campbell et al. 2005) and for its reflection from the moon to be detected (Golenetskii et al. 2004). It was followed by an extremely bright radio afterglow, with an...
The rate of light delivery (fluence rate) plays a critical role in photodynamic therapy (PDT) through its control of tumor oxygenation. This study tests the hypothesis that fluence rate also influences the inflammatory responses associated with PDT. PDT regimens of two different fluences (48 and 128 J/cm(2)) were designed for the Colo 26 murine tumor that either conserved or depleted tissue oxy...
Two distinct regimes of molecular ejection separated by a well-defined threshold fluence are observed in molecular dynamics simulation of pulsed laser irradiation of an organic solid. At fluences above the threshold a collective multilayer ejection or ablation occurs where large liquid droplets are ejected and the total yield of the ablated material follows a critical volume density of the depo...
Halide perovskites show unusual thermalization kinetics for above-bandgap photoexcitation. We explain this as a consequence of excess energy being deposited into discrete large polaron states. The crossover between low-fluence and high-fluence "phonon bottleneck" cooling is due to a Mott transition where the polarons overlap (n ≥ 1018 cm-3) and the phonon subpopulations are shared. We calculate...
The study of radiation damage of highmolecular weight substances due to MeV ion interactions is of interest for engineering and scientific applications. In the present study polystyrene (PS) was irradiated with Ag ions of three different charge states (q) 11, 14 and 25 and of 130 MeV energy. The emission of hydrogen from PS was monitored as a function of the incident ion fluence. The experiment...
The effect of proton irradiation on the structure, phase composition, defect state and nanohardness Zr/Nb nanoscale multilayer coatings was investigated. Preservation layered structure with 50 100 nm thick layers, observed after protons at 1720 keV energy 3.4 × 1015, 8.6 1015 1016 ions/cm2 fluences, interfaces remained incoherent. In individual layer thicknesses 10 25 nm, there were insignifica...
We experimentally investigate the limits of 800-nm-to-terahertz (THz) energy conversion in lithium niobate at room temperature driven by amplified Ti:sapphire laser pulses with tilted pulse front. The influence of the pump central wavelength, pulse duration, and fluence on THz generation is studied. We achieved a high peak efficiency of 0.12% using transform limited 150 fs pulses and observed s...
Tuning the electronic band structures such as band-edge position and bandgap of organic semiconductors is crucial to maximize the performance of organic photovoltaic devices. We present a simple yet effective electron irradiation approach to tune the band structure of [6, 6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) that is the most widely used organic acceptor material. We have found that th...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Previous studies with PhotoDynamic Therapy (PDT) in bladder and bronchi have shown that due to scattering and reflection, the actually delivered fluence rate on the surface in a hollow organ can be significantly higher than expected. In this pilot study, we investigated the differences between the primary calculated and the actual measured fluence rate during PDT of Ba...
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