African regional organizations’ increasing activity in security policy is usually approached through the concept of a ‘security community’, which can only partially clarify their difficult situation. A multilevel governance model is suggested as a more useful approach in a situation where economic cooperation is weak, member states’ principles of governance diverge, and they themselves might be...

the disappearance of bipolar system following the disintegration of the soviet union, has also changed many strategic concepts. central asia, as a part of the soviet empire, has become an arena for regional and global challenges after these transformations. the region, already faced with various political, economic, social and cultural problems, soon became a location for the activities of isla...

fire is one of the most dangerous phenomena in the world which yields main damages, healthy and economical, and is thus a major threat to hospitals. since, most of the residents in hospitals are the individuals who cannot rescue themselves in such situations, fire in hospitals is more hazardous than any other public place; hence, it can endanger several sophisticated medical equipment. therefor...

Microgrids (MGs) contain a diverse mix of energy resources to provide safe and secure power to the consumers. Batteries are utilized in MGs for further energy security assurance as well as cost minimization. In this paper, an efficient approach is introduced for simultaneous energy management and optimal battery sizing to accomplish economic MG operation. Also, demand response programs are empl...

A key challenge for data warehouse security is how to manage the entire system coherently – from sources and their export tables, to warehouse stored tables (conventional and cubes) and views defined over the warehouse. Permissions on the warehouse must satisfy the restrictions of the data owners, and be updated quickly as those local concerns evolve. Yet the system cannot demand extensive admi...

open local energy requirements, the need for regional energy planning in the process of macro-planning can make significant energy. in this respect, the outer part of the direct effects of energy production and consumption locally effective, less energy planning processes will be huge. in this paper, the issue of continuity of energy supply, long-term access to resources and lower emissions fro...

This paper outlines the fundamental features of the PJM day-ahead energy market and real-time energy market. The Day-ahead market is based on a voluntary least-cost security constrained unit commitment and dispatch with several fundamental design features that ensure the market is robust and competitive. This market offers market participants the option to lock in energy and transportation char...

Wind generation with an uncertain nature poses many challenges in grid integration and secure operation of power system. One of these operation problems is the unit commitment. Demand Response (DR) can be defined as the changes in electric usage by end-use customers from their normal consumption patterns in response to the changes in the price of electricity over time. Further, DR can be also d...