amir seyyed fathollah shirazi, a physician, historian and politician of indian mughal empire court, was one of the scholars of shiraz. initially, he served as a teacher at mansurieh school in shiraz. he worked for imamgholi mirza, the brother of king ismaeil ii, from safavid dynasty. after killing imamgholi mirza, by the order of the king, he went to india following the invitation of the muslim...

Roman seals associated with collyria (Latin expression for eye drops/washes and lotions for eye maintenance) provide valuable information about eye care in the antiquity. These small, usually stone-made pieces bore engravings with the names of eye doctors and also the collyria used to treat an eye disease. The collyria seals have been found all over the Roman empire and Celtic territories in pa...

The purpose of this article is to cast some light on the question as why and how nationalism appeared rather suddenly on the political stage in Turkey at the beginning of the 20 th century. This article asserts that Turkish nationalism was an answer to the particular historical conditions that characterised the final phases of the Ottoman Empire and the birth of the modern Turkey. This article ...

After several decades of scholarship on science and empire, it is now largely accepted that disciplines such as medicine and geography played a crucial role in imperial expansion. On a purely technical level these disciplines were important "tools of empire", enabling colonizers to map their new domains and to exploit more effectively their human and material resources.2 But following the work ...

Excitation functions of the reactions Zn(p,xn)Ga were measured from their respective thresholds up to 18 MeV , using the conventional stacked-foil technique. The radioactivity was determined via high resolution -ray spectrometry. Nuclear model calculations were performed using the codes, ALICE-IPPE, EMPIRE and TALYS. In some cases, good agreement was found between the experimental and theoreti...

The application of contemporary public sector management concepts and theories allows us to rethink some of our perceptions of the Roman Empire’s rôle as a service provider and the way in which the provision of services was made more efficient. This paper uses the imperial grain supply as a case in point to demonstrate that contracting out allowed the state to take advantage and build on its co...

on the one hand, the vacant position of study about impact of achaemenid empire on eastern states is due to silence by classic authors in dealing with these lands; and on the other hand, it is reffered to shortage of archeological artifacts relating to achaemenids at the given region. in the present essay, by the aid of reminiscent works and economic and administrative evidences obtained from e...

Czech and Slovak are two closely related languages which together form the Czecho-Slovak sub-group of the West Slavonic languages, to which there belong two further subgroups, the Lusatian and the Lechitic. In spite of their similarity and a nearly complete mutual intelligibility (see below), the literary languages are clearly differentiated, which is among other things due to the fact that the...

(2) This is a detailed history of veterinary education in Innsbruck from its Viennese beginnings in an institution founded after the Seven Years' War for the training of army blacksmiths to preserve the health of cavalry horses, and progressing to become a subject taught at the University of Innsbruck. One of the pioneers among the teachers was J. G. Wolstein whose book on cattle epidemics was ...