DiGeorge Syndrome (DGS) Critical Region 8 (DGCR8) is a primary candidate gene in they DGS. The DGCR8 microprocessor complex subunit an essential cofactor the canonical miRNA biogenesis which involved diverse cellular functions such as cell fate decisions, apoptosis and different signaling pathways. However, role of these processes or development DGS not fully understood. Here we present heteroz...

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of an embryo at the blastocyst stage. They are characterised by the ability to proliferate indefinitely (or selfrenew) in vitro while maintaining pluripotency, i. e. the capacity to differentiate into germ cells and a broad number of cell types that originate from the three primary germ layers endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm...

The embryonic stem cell-like gene expression signature has been shown to be associated with poorly differentiated aggressive human tumors and has attracted great attention as a potential target for future cancer therapies. Here, we investigate the potential of the embryonic stem cell signature as molecular target for the therapy and the strategy to suppress the embryonic stem cell signature. Th...

fifter the egg of a higher organism A is ferti l ized it divides into many / I thousands of cells that arrange themselves into the tissue layers of the embryo. Understanding this elaborate process of embryonic development is one of the outstanding and most difficult problems challenging biologists today. The problem is so complex that it must be broken down into smaller problems before investig...

Development from egg to embryo to adult is a fascinating instance of biological self-organization for which genetics has supplied us with a parts list. It remains to find the principles organizing the assembly of those parts. In the last decade embryonic stem cells (ESC) have provided the material from which to build the mammalian embryo. This review, for a quantitative audience, explains why c...

background: specific growth factors and feeder layers seem to have important roles in in vitro embryonic stem cells (escs) differentiation. in this study,the effects of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (bmp4) and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (mefs) co-culture system on germ cell differentiation from mouse escs were studied. materials and methods: cell suspension was prepared from one-day-old embryoi...

germline and somatic stem cells are distinct types of stem cells that are dedicated to reproduction and somatic tissue regeneration, respectively. germline stem cells (gscs), which can self-renew and generate gametes, are unique stem cells in that they are solely dedicated to transmit genetic information from generation to generation. we developed a strategy for the establishment of germline st...

The mammalian neocortex consists of six layers. By contrast, the reptilian and avian cortices have only three, which are believed to be equivalent to layers I, V and VI of mammals. In mammals, the majority of cortical cell proliferation occurs in the ventricular and subventricular zones, but there are a small number of scattered individual divisions throughout the cortex. Neurogenesis in the co...

BioTechniques 349 Embryonic stem (ES) cells were established from the inner cell mass of blastocysts and have been shown to spontaneously differentiate into multiple cell types representative of all three embryonic germ layers, both in teratomas after grafting or in vitro under appropriate conditions (1,2). ES cells can be maintained in their pluripotent state if cultured in the presence of leu...

Embryonic stem (ES) cells have pluripotency and give rise to many cell types and tissues, including representatives of all three germ layers in the embryo. We have reported previously that mouse ES cells formed contracting gut-like organs from embryoid bodies (EBs). These gut-like structures contracted spontaneously, and had large lumens surrounded by three layers, i.e. epithelium, lamina propr...