Embryonic diapause or temporary cessation of embryonic development is a common phenomenon in the plant and animal species. embryogenesis blastocyst stage reproductive strategy characterized by delayed implantation uterus. It defined over 130 species mammals. occurs obligate facultative cases where embryo from to later stages not appropriate (eg, during environmental conditions lactation). The b...

objective: garlic is a plant has been used as a flavor, and anti-microbial and anti-diarrheal agent. infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a coronavirus. the available vaccines against ibv cannot cover new variants. this study evaluated the inhibitory effects of garlic extract on ibv.  materials and methods: the constituents of garlic extract were detected by gas chromatography. this study was d...

embryonic stem cells (escs) as pluripotent stem cells have the potential to give rise to all three germ layer cells. also, these cells have the self-renewing ability. escs could differentiate into most of cell lineages. lymphocytes generated from hematopoietic stem cells. we designed a feeder free culture condition to generate lymphoid lineage cells from escs. we demonstrated that il-7 plays cr...

background: embryonic stem (es) cells are pluripotent cells conventionally isolated from early embryos. studies have shown that es cells serve as a practical model for biomedical studies. objective: the aim of the present study was to optimize culture conditions for establishment of es-like colonies from nmri mouse blastocysts as well as 2-cell stage embryos. materials and methods: both expande...

background: there is increasing evidence that psychological factors like anxiety and depression can affect ivf/icsi treatment results. objective: this study aimed to clarify the role of women’s anxiety and depression on the outcome of art cycles using intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (icsi). materials and methods: this was a prospective pilot study. one hundred six (106) consecutive women unde...

background:   objective: the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of rabbit antiserum to es cells on mouse preimplantation embryo development and chimera production.   materials and methods: mouse 4-cell embryos were matured in vitro at 37.5 o c, in humidified 5% co 2 atmosphere for 12-36 h. the embryos were cultured in ksom medium with or without antiserum for 12-36 h. the ratios...

background: creation of artificial gametes may provide a universal solution for these patients of lacking gametes. stem cell technology may provide a way to obtain fully functional gametes. retinoic acid (ra) can initiate meiosis. several studies have demonstrated that ra can promote sperm cells differentiation from mouse embryonic stem cells (mescs) and other cells from human embryonic stem ce...

background: the failure of regeneration after spinal cord injury (sci) has been attributed to axonal demyelination and neuronal death. cellular replacement and white matter regeneration are both necessary for sci repair. in this study, we evaluated the co-transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (oec) and embryonic stem (es) cell-derived motor neurons (esmn) on contused sci. methods: oec ...

hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells (hipp-ns/pcs) of the adult mammalian brain are important sources of neuronal and gial cell production. in this study, the main goal is to investigate the plasticity of these cells in neuronal/astroglial differentiations. to this end, the differentiation of the hipp-ns/pcs isolated from 3-month-old wistar rats was investigated in response to the embryonic...