Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) was known throughout Eurasia in the second millennium BC in regions with warm, moist summers, where its cultivation reduced agricultural risk. Its cultivation during the warm, but dry months at Kyzyltepa and other Iron Age sites in western Central Asia was probably made possible through irrigation practices that were long known and originally developed in th...

elongation of the styloid process or stylohyoid ligament calcification is a well recognized finding of dental practice, and an incidence of 4 to 30 percent has been reported on radiographs. rarely, complete mineralization of the stylohyoid ligament or elongation of styloid process has been associated with difficulties in intubation and significant clinical symptoms, which is termed eagle’s synd...

Most arthropods generate their posterior bodies by adding segments periodically, as the embryo grows, from a posteriorly located region called the segment addition zone. This mode of segmentation is shared with vertebrates and relies on oscillatory mechanisms, where the temporal periodicity of a clock is translated into repetitive spatial patterns. This ordered anterior-to-posterior pattern is ...

BACKGROUND During development, neurons modify their axon growth mode switching from an elongating phase, in which the main axon stem reaches the target territory through growth cone-driven extension, to an arborising phase, when the terminal arbour is formed to establish synaptic connections. To investigate the relative contribution of cell-autonomous factors and environmental signals in the co...

We have examined elongation by RNA polymerase II initiated at a promoter and have identified two classes of elongation complexes. Following initiation at a promoter, all polymerase molecules enter an abortive mode of elongation. Abortive elongation is characterized by the rapid generation of short transcripts due to pausing of the polymerase followed by termination of transcription. Termination...

Dock10 is one of the three members of the Dock-D family of Dock proteins, a class of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rho GTPases. Its homologs Dock9 and Dock11 are Cdc42 GEFs. Dock10 is required for maintenance of rounded morphology and amoeboid-type movement. Full-length isoforms of Dock10 have been recently cloned. Here, we address GTPase specificity and GEF activity of Dock10....

background: the adult female sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) of the subgenus larroussius are important vectors of leishmania infantum (kinetoplastida: tripanosomatidae) in meshkinshahr district, northwest of iran. four phle­boto­mus ( larroussius ) species are present in this area, i.e. phlebotomus ( larroussius ) kandelakii , p. ( la. ) major , p. ( la. ) perfiliewi and p. ( la. ) tobbi . th...