Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most important opportunistic infections in transplant recipients. Tests for CMV-specific T cell responses have been proposed to change the current risk stratification strategy using CMV assays. We evaluated the usefulness of pre-transplant CMV-specific T cell assays in kidney transplant (KT) candidates for predicting the development of CMV infection after tra...

Background. HIV infection is associated with lower antibody responses to influenza vaccines. We compared antibody and cellular responses between HIV-infected and uninfected children and young adults to the 2011-2012 seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3). Methods. 11 HIV-infected subjects and 7 controls received one dose of 20112012 IIV3. Plasma and cells were frozen pre-vaccination (T1)...

Subsequently, the frequencies of T cells recognizing individual antigens are very low. As a result of the clonal expansion associated with infections, the frequency of antigen-specific effector cells can transiently rise to as high as 1:100, but these frequencies typically settle in the range of 1:10,000 for effector memory or memory cells. The frequencies of specific T cells in blood after imm...

Abstract Introduction: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies are powerful anti-tumor immunotherapies and CD19-targeted CAR cells have revolutionized the treatment of B lymphomas. Unfortunately, recurrent disease after therapy remains a clinical problem with up to 50% early relapses cells. Therefore, there is critical unmet need identify biomarkers associated durable responses guide o...

T-cell responses to dengue viruses may be important in both protective immunity and pathogenesis. This study of 48 Vietnamese adults with secondary dengue virus infections defined the breadth and magnitude of peripheral T-cell responses to 260 overlapping peptide antigens derived from a dengue virus serotype 2 (DV2) isolate. Forty-seven different peptides evoked significant gamma interferon enz...

BACKGROUND The characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposure that determine the induction of HIV-specific T cells and, in particular, T helper cells are not well understood. METHODS HIV-1 Gag- and Env-specific T helper cells were analyzed by use of an interferon (IFN)- gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay and by use of IFN- gamma secretion flow cytometry. Re...