Some Cosmological models propose that elementary particles were created during the cooldown of the universe after the “Big Bang”, through a series of symmetry breaking phase transitions[1]. According to these models, these elementary particles are “topological defects” of the cold, ordered phase in which the universe is found today. The equations describing these phase transition of the univers...

There is space for new ideas of the essence and the entity of time. The article refers to our time concept as a special wave type and presents results of our investigations on this subject. Thus, time defined as waves and an energy carrier could give explanation to multiple unclear phenomena. It could explicate gravity, organization in the planetary systems and light speed limit. A hypothesis t...

We investigate the muon neutrino event rate in km neutrino telescopes due to a number of galactic supernova remnants expected on the basis of these objects’ known γ-ray signals. We evaluate the potential of these neutrino signals to exhibit evidence of the sub-dominant neutrino oscillations expected in various neutrino mixing schemes including pseudo-Dirac scenarios and the Exact Parity Model. ...

In this article I summarize some aspects of the current status of the field of high energy physics and discuss how the next generation of high energy colliders will aid in furthering our basic understanding of elementary particles and interactions among them, by shedding light on the mechanism for the spontaneous breakdown of the Electroweak Symmetry.

During the past one hundred years three related elementary particles– the electron, the muon, and the tau–were discovered by very different scientific techniques. The author, who received the Wolf Prize and the Nobel Prize for the discovery of the tau, uses this history to discuss certainty and uncertainty in the practice of science. While the emphasis is on the practice of scientific research,...

In this talk I briefly explain the concept of the structure function of a photon (the best known boson). Then I review some of the current experimental evidence which confirms the existence of ‘strong’ interactions of photon suggested by this idea. I end by pointing out how the photon ‘structure’ has important implications for the interactions of high energy photons and hence for the design of ...

Particle physics aims to understand the universe around us. The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics describes the basic structure of matter and the forces through which matter interacts, to the extent we have been able to probe thus far. However, it leaves some big questions unanswered. Some are within the SM itself, such as why there are so many fundamental particles and why they have diff...

The understanding of flavour dynamics is one of the key aims of elementary particle physics. The last 15 years have witnessed the triumph of the Kobayashi-Maskawa mechanism, which describes all flavour changing transitions of quarks in the Standard Model. This important milestone has been reached owing to a series of experiments, in particular to those operating at the so-called B factories, at...

It is discussed how the Weyl geometric generalization of Riemannian geometry relates to Jordan-Brans-Dicke theory and how it leads to a weak generalization of Einstein gravity. The generalization of geometry goes back to Weyl’s proposal of 1918; the generalization of gravity was proposed by Omote, Utiyama, Dirac and others in the 1970s. Here we reconsider the conceptual potential of this approa...

Several modification of Einstein’s general relativity have been proposed and extensively studied so far by many cosmologists to unify gravitation and many other effects in the universe. Barber 1 has produced two continuous self-creation theories by modifying the Brans-Dicke theory and general relativity. The modified theories create the universe out of self-contained gravitational and matter fi...