Trace quantities of laser ablated organic polymers were analyzed by using commercial capillary column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; the instrument was modified so that the iaser ablation products could be introduced into the capillary column directly and the constituents of each peak in the chromatogram were identified by using a mass spectrometer. The present study takes advantage of t...

A 60 kV neutral Li beam is injected into the edge plasma of JET to measure the electron density. The beam observation system has been improved by replacing a Czerny-Turner spectrometer with a high-resolution transmission-grating spectrometer and a fast back-illuminated frame-transfer camera. The larger throughput of the spectrometer, the increased sensitivity, and the faster readout of the new ...

We present an EPR spectrometer featuring an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) operating at 8–10 GHz (X-band) that is based on a 1 GHz digital-to-analog converter (DAC) boardwith a 42 dB (i.e. 14-bit) dynamic range. This AWG-capable spectrometer was developedto widen the scope of pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and enable new experiments. It generates shaped X-band pulses with prec...

A hybrid atmospheric pressure ion mobility spectrometer is described which exhibits resolving power approaching the diffusion limit for singly and multiply charged ions (over 200 for the most favorable case). Using an electrospray ionization source and a downstream quadrupole mass spectrometer with electron multiplier as detector, this ESI-IMS-MS instrument demonstrates the potential of IMS for...

This article describes a THz transmission spectrometer for the spectral range of 2–65 cm ~100 GHz to 2 THz! with a spectral resolution of at least 1.8 cm ~50 GHz! where the source, sample, and detector are all fully contained in a cryogenic environment. Cyclotron emission from a two-dimensional electron gas ~2DEG! heated with an electrical current serves as a magnetic-field tunable source. The ...

A miniaturized time-of-flight mass spectrometer with an electron impact ionization source and sheet membrane introduction has been developed. The advantages and features of this mass spectrometer include high sensitivity, simple structure, low cost, compact volume with field portability, and ease of operation. A mass resolution of 400 at m/z 78 has been obtained with a 25 cm flight path length....

The process of electron scattering from heavy target atoms is of considerable interest due to the enhanced role of relativistic effects and distortion of the electron trajectories resulting from the large value of nuclear charge. Here we present e,2e ionization measurements and distorted-wave Born approximation calculations for the scattering of spin-polarized electrons from xenon atoms in whic...

When a nucleus undergoes beta decay via the electron capture reaction, it emits an electron neutrino. The neutrino emission gives a small recoil to the atom, which can be experimentally observed as a Doppler broadening on subsequently emitted gamma rays. Using the two-axis flat-crystal spectrometer GAMS4 and the electron capture reaction in (152)Eu, the motion of atoms having an excess kinetic ...

The development of electron-optical techniques for geometric and chromatic aberration correction have significantly improved the spatial resolution of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and enhanced its capability for chemical mapping [1]. In the present work, we develop an off-axis confocal mode in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) which uses the intrinsic chromatic aberra...

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations were conducted on a CM 120 transmission electron microscope (Philips, Netherlands) at an acceleration voltage of 80 kV. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were obtained on a TS-5136MM scanning electron microscope (Tescan, Czech) at an accelerating voltage of 20 kV. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra were measured on a UV-25...