lactic acid (PLA) is a strong disinfectant with wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Its widespread use hampered by the lack an electrochemical technology for PLA synthesis, which will make it possible to develop local generators production disinfectants. There no information about standard potential СН3СH(OH)С(=О)ОН « СН3СH(OH)С(=О)ООН system, both in reference literature and professional ...

The performance of sodium-ion batteries largely depends on the presence and properties passive films formed electrode/electrolyte interfaces. Passive negative electrodes inevitably result from reduction in electrolyte components (solvent salt anion). They have a solid with sodium ion conductivity are insulators terms electronic conductivity. Usually, they called SEI—solid interphase. formation ...

Porcine calcitonin given to guinea pigs in doses causing hypocalcaemia and hypophosphataemia decreased the bilirubin concentration and increased the activity of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) in the hepatic bile. Calcitonin had no effect on bile flow, its pH, electrolyte composition including calcium, or on the concentration of protein, glucose, cholesterol, nonprotein nitrogen (NPN), and...

We report the first direct experimental evidence of the dynamic behavior of the solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI) on copper electrodes upon electrochemical cycling. Synchrotron-based soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) consistently show that both the chemical composition and the thickness of the SEI change with electrochemical...

The kinetics of oxygen reduction from electrolyte emulsions containing oxygen carriers was studied with respect to fuel cell applications. Electrochemical experiments including stationary and nonstationary measurements under defined hydrodynamic conditions at a rotating platinum disk electrode revealed that diffusion-controlled limiting currents can be increased significantly at high oxygen con...

Changes in the excretion of water and electrolyte in one kidney after exclusion of its partner have been studied in anesthetized dogs and rabbits. Complete clamping of the contralateral kidney pedicle or ureter results in a rapid increase in the excretion of water, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate and bicarbonate. This response is also observed in denervated kidneys. Pretreatment...

It is now generally agreed that the electrochemical reduction of ethylene carbonate ~EC! plays an important role in the formation of an effective solid electrolyte interface layer on the carbon anode in lithium-ion cells. However, neither the composition of this layer nor the reaction pathways involved in its formation have been clearly established. We report reflectance infrared spectra from a...