Kindling refers to a phenomenon where an initially subthreshoid electrical stimulation applied repeatedly (daily) to the different brain structures results in the progressive development of electroclinical seizures terminating in a generalized convulsion (4, 6). It has been suggested that the kindling effect may be employed as a model of epilepsy (3, 6, 10) and epileptogenesis (7) as a neuronal...

The formation of avoidance response and differentiation was studied in 13 control and 7 kindled cats with developed hippocampal epileptic focus and complex partial or secondary generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Conditioning sessions lasted from 15 to 20 min in a period following afterdischarges and seizures resulting from electrical stimulation of the hippocampal formation. In two out of seven...

It was determined that the studied 5-[(Z)-(4-nitrobenzylidene)]-2-(thiazol-2-ylimino)-4-thiazolidinone (Les-6222) affects cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid cascade, markers damage to neurons on models PTZ kindling. In model chronic epileptogenesis in mice (pentylenetetrazole kindling), a 4-thiazolidinone derivative showed high anticonvulsant activity, which is weaker than effect sodium...

Recent studies demonstrated that central norepinephrine (NE) plays an important suppressing role in the development of seizure in several experimental epileptic models. Transplantation of fetal NE-rich neurons in the locus ceruleus into either hippocampus or amygdalapiriform cortex can retard the development of seizures in hippocampal kindling. The present study was designed to investigate the ...

PURPOSE Neuronal migration disorders (NMD) are often found in patients with epilepsy. However, the mechanisms linking these two pathologies are not yet fully understood. In this study, we evaluated whether NMD increased kindling seizure susceptibility and seizure-induced acute neuronal damage in the immature brain. METHODS Experimental NMD were produced by exposing pregnant rats (gestation da...

Repeated activation of neural pathways by kindling induces brief seizures, permanent increases in seizure susceptibility, neuronal loss in the hippocampus, and mossy fiber sprouting in the dentate gyrus. Because kindling induces permanent cellular alterations in hippocampal pathways that have been implicated in memory, it was of interest to determine if kindling also induces long-lasting impair...

The NMDA receptor plays an important role in patterning neural connectivity in the developing brain. In the adult brain, repeated kindling stimulation of limbic pathways increases the NMDA-dependent component of synaptic transmission in granule cells of the dentate gyrus (DG) and also induces sprouting of the mossy fiber axons of granule cells that reorganizes synaptic connections in the DG. Be...

INTRODUCTION Although hippocampus is the most famous brain area involved in temporal lobe epilepsy, hippocampal kindling (HK) develops very slowly. Hence, rapid kindling is usually preferred to the traditional kindling and it is widely used. In this article we aimed at finding the optimal stimulus pattern, which yields the fastest HK rate. METHODS Stimulus patterns with different duration (2,...

Daily tetanic stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals generates an epileptogenic focus in area CA1 of the rat hippocampus, ultimately leading to generalized tonic-clonic convulsions (kindling). Potassium currents were measured under voltage-clamp conditions in pyramidal neurons, acutely dissociated from the focus of fully kindled rats, one day and six weeks after the last generalized seizure. T...