The Versatile Test Reactor (VTR) is a new fast spectrum test reactor being developed in the United States under direction of US Department Energy, Office Nuclear Energy. VTR mission to enable accelerated testing advanced fuels and materials required for technologies. This includes neutron irradiation capabilities which would support alternate coolants including molten salt, lead/lead-bismuth eu...

The process stability of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) was investigated in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor subjected to overloads of 2.0- to 3.0-fold increases in substrate concentrations, inflow rates lasting 12 or 24h, extreme pH levels of 4 and 10 for 12h and a 12-h 30 g l(-1) NaCl addition. During the overloads, the nitrogen removal rate improved, and the shock period...

The aim of this work is to study the etching of trenches in silicon and the generation of voids during the filling of genuinely three-dimensional trench structures with silicon dioxide or nitride. The trenches studied are part of the manufacturing process of power MOSFETs, where void-less filling must be achieved. Another area of applications is capacitance extraction in interconnect structures...

many studies have been done on hybrid vehicles in the past few years. the full hybrid vehicles need a large number of batteries creating up to 300 (v) to meet the required voltage of electric motor. the size and weight of the batteries cause some problems. this research investigates the mild hybrid vehicle. this vehicle includes a small electric motor and a high power internal combustion engine...

A fluidized bed system combining two circulating fluidized bed reactors is proposed and investigated for chemical looping combustion using metal oxides as oxygen carriers. The global solids loop starts in one of the two reactors (primary reactor) where solids are entrained, separated from the gas in a cyclone and sent to the other reactor (secondary reactor) via a fluidized loop seal. From the ...

The neutron yield in a D-He reactor is much lower than that in a D-T reactor of equivalent power. Therefore, the rate of neutron damage and gas production in the first wall of D-He reactors is lower by more than an order of magnitude. Whereas different structural materials proposed for use in commercial fusion reactors will last the reactor lifetime of 30 full power years in a D-He reactor, fre...

Reactor control and safety systems are discussed with emphasis on safety considerations. Consideration is given to the importance of reactor characteristics, control and safety system characteristics, the operational program of the reactor, and credible accidents, in a determination of safety of operation. Ecperience with research reactor control and safety systems has led to the development of...

Nuclear energy can be used as the primary energy source in centralized hydrogen production through high-temperature thermochemical processes, water electrolysis, or high-temperature steam electrolysis. Energy efficiency is important in providing hydrogen economically and in a climate friendly manner. High operating temperatures are needed for more efficient thermochemical and electrochemical hy...

North regions and distant areas assimilated to them cover more than 50% of territory of Russia, where ~ 20 mln. people live. These regions are characteristic of remoteness from year-round water traffic arteries and railways. The richest mineral resources are found and developed there. 2/3 of the country natural – resources potential is concentrated in the North of Russia, the potential implemen...