India considered as world's largest democratic nation and we know women are a key part of the Indian Society. In democracy, participation people i.e. men require to work effectively. Women consist nearly fifty percent Country’s population but their in electoral process is still less than men's political participation. 73rd 74th constitution amendment gives reservation local bodies election whil...

Electoral systems are uniquely distributive political institutions that shape political outcomes, yet are themselves endogenously shaped outcomes of political choices. In Poland, party system development has involved not only parties adapting to electoral institutions in each election, but also parties modifying these institutions prior to every election. We model electoral system change as dri...

For statistical as well as political reasons combined measures of electoral disproportionality and electoral thresholds are necessary in order to adequately summarize electoral institutions. With few exceptions, none of these quantities can be reliably inferred directly from the provisions of the electoral law, thus impairing “large scale” comparative studies. Through the use of sampling based ...

In recent years, political geography has begun to revisit traditional geographical theories using quantitative methodologies. Size, location, density, position, and other important geographic characteristics have reemerged as central data points in the analysis of phenomena. this article, we analyze possible relationships between size (territorial electoral) electoral outcomes (competitiveness ...

A structural equation model analysis of data from a 2003 national random sample survey (n = 478) on informational technology (IT) reveals important direct and indirect effects of generational demographic and attitudinal differences on electronic forms of political participation. Younger respondents reported more support for IT and fewer technological disadvantages compared to older respondents....

In this paper, I analyze how the rise to power of the Muslim Brotherhood, marked by increased parliamentary power in late 2006 due to unprecedented success in the 2005 elections, impacts female labor force participation in districts in which Muslim Brotherhood candidates won compared to those in which they did not win. I use a difference in differences estimation strategy, using both district a...

BACKGROUND Previous research points to differences between predictors of intention to screen for colorectal cancer (CRC) and screening behavior, and suggests social ecological factors may influence screening behavior. The aim of this study was to compare the social cognitive and social ecological predictors of intention to screen with predictors of participation. METHODS People aged 50 to 74 ...

In this paper we propose two mechanisms that can be used as a solution to low participation levels in PR elections. The first tool we propose is an electoral rule where the number of candidates elected depends on the level of participation. The second tool we propose is a participation quorum that has to be met in order for the election to be valid. In both cases we characterize all possible eq...

Studies on experts' understanding of the public have mainly focused on the views of scientists. We add to the literature on constructions of the public by analyzing the views of decision-makers, professional science communicators and scientists involved in 'space' communication on the public and public participation in policy. Findings show that contextual situations and roles determine the way...