a term in one language rarely has an absolute synonymous meaning in the same language; besides, it rarely has an equivalent meaning in an l2. english synonyms of seeing and hearing are particularly grammatically and semantically different. frame semantics is a good tool for discovering differences between synonymous words in l2 and differences between supposed l1 and l2 equivalents. vocabulary ...

the purpose of this study was to investigate two different techniques for testing reading comprehension questions. differences are measured by two different types of questions including inferential and referential questions. to answer the referential questions, the reader is required to move beyond the level of sentence comprehension and understand the relationship among the sentences. while, i...

Alternative assessments have evolved from an epistemological change in education. They see assessment and instruction as two sides on the same coin which go hand in hand. The traditional roles of both teachers and learners are, consequently, modified which is essential for better language development. In this line, the present study aimed at comparing the effects of portfolio and journal writin...

there have been many theories and paradigms trying to provideanswers to the challenge of the best method. after the rise of manycolorful language teaching methods, in postmethod era, it waspostulated that there is no magic formula to teach a foreign languagebut that a localized methodology based on learners and teachers’ experiencewill have suitable results. in this article, after investigating...

By means of the metaphoric language used by parents and young English as a foreign language (EFL) learners to describe the English learning process, this study aims to reveal the perceptions of 109 young EFL learners in the 8th grade of secondary school and 66 parents in Turkey about learning English. To elicit these participants’ metaphors, they were asked to complete the gaps in the sentence ...

The paper evaluates Chinese EFL (English Foreign Language) learners’ attitudinal responses toward Chinese accent. Questionnaires administered among 81 intermediate proficiency EFL learners who were from China and UK (70 of whom were university students, 11 of whom were university English teachers). Results show clearly that the respondents do not have significant negative attitude towards their...

Materials are the most noticeable components of every language-learning context. One of these materials is the specific textbooks being used by English language academies; they are crucial in directing EFL teachers and learners and guiding them through the route of language learning. The present study attempts to compare the cultural content of two course books being used currently in Iran call...

given the fact that developing an intimate relationship between teacher and students creates a safe learning environment (harran, 2006), and because teacher immediacy is proved to increase students’ motivation for learning (velez & cano, 2008), this study was an attempt to explore the relationship between iranian efl learners’ perceived teacher immediacy and their willingness to communicate...

this study was an attempt to investigate the relationship between teachers' personality type (feeling vs. thinking) and speaking skill of pre- intermediate efl students in iranian context. twelve teachers and forty eight students from a local language institute participated in the study. the myers briggs type indicator (mbti), an instrument based on jung’s personality theory, was taken from tea...