Dietary proteins are believed to participate significantly in maintaining blood glucose levels, but their contribution to endogenous glucose production (EGP) remains unclear. We investigated this question using multiple stable isotopes. After overnight fasting, eight healthy volunteers received an intravenous infusion of [6,6-²H₂]-glucose. Two hours later, they ingested four eggs containing 23 ...

Impairment of hypoglycemic counterregulation in intensively treated type 1 diabetes has been attributed to deficits in counterregulatory hormone secretion. However, because the liver plays a critical part in recovery of plasma glucose, abnormalities in hepatic glycogen metabolism per se could also play an important role. We quantified the contribution of net hepatic glycogenolysis during insuli...

In rodents, acute brain insulin action reduces blood glucose levels by suppressing the expression of enzymes in the hepatic gluconeogenic pathway, thereby reducing gluconeogenesis and endogenous glucose production (EGP). Whether a similar mechanism is functional in large animals, including humans, is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that in canines, physiologic brain hyperinsulinemia brought abou...

Despite its role in monetary policy and finance, the expectations hypothesis (EH) of the term structure of interest rates has received virtually no empirical support. The empirical failure of the EH has been attributed to a variety of econometric biases associated with the single-equation models most often used to test it; however, none of these explanations appears to account for the massives ...

Liver-specific thyroid hormone receptor-β (TRβ)-specific agonists are potent lipid-lowering drugs that also hold promise for treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatic insulin resistance. We investigated the effect of two TRβ agonists (GC-1 and KB-2115) in high-fat-fed male Sprague-Dawley rats treated for 10 days. GC-1 treatment reduced hepatic triglyceride content by 75%, but the ra...

The ensemble geometric phase (EGP) has been proposed as a topological indicator for finite-temperatures systems. Wilson loop, or the transfer matrix, contains crucial information in EGP construction. We propose proxy index and directly from matrix apply them to time-reversal invariant insulators exemplified by Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang (BHZ) Kane-Mele (KM) models. quantized smoothly generalize grou...

Patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes (T1D) may exhibit defective glucose counterregulation and impaired hypoglycemia symptom recognition that substantially increase their risk for experiencing severe hypoglycemia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether intrahepatic islet transplantation improves endogenous glucose production (EGP) in response to hypoglycemia in T1D patients e...

Chronic hyperglycemia impairs insulin action, resulting in glucotoxicity, which can be ameliorated in animal models by inducing glucosuria with renal glucose transport inhibitors. Here, we examined whether reduction of plasma glucose with a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor could improve insulin-mediated tissue glucose disposal in patients with type 2 diabetes. Eighteen diabetic ...

Troglitazone is an antidiabetic agent that improves the ability of adipocytes to store triglycerides by enhancing their insulin sensitivity. Although potent in insulin-resistant states, the effect of troglitazone on lipid and glucose turnover in normal animals has not been assessed. Euglycemic clamps were performed as an insulin dose response in normal mongrel dogs (n = 6). Somatostatin was inf...

Mice deficient in adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL(-/-)) present elevated ectopic lipid levels but are paradoxically glucose-tolerant. Measurement of endogenous glucose production (EGP) and Cori cycle activity provide insights into the maintenance of glycemic control in these animals. These parameters were determined in 7 wild-type (ATGL(+/-)) and 6 ATGL(-/-) mice by a primed-infusion of [U-(1...