Behavioral economists have come to recognize that reciprocity, the interaction of trust and trustworthiness, is a distinct and economically relevant component of individual preferences alongside selfishness and altruism. This recognition is principally due to observed decisions in laboratory “trust games”. However, recent research suggests that altruism may explain much of what “looks like” tru...

The purpose of this study is to examine altruistic behavior (altruism) and egotistic behavior (reciprocity and reputation) regarding online group repurchasing intention. Data collected from 282 online group shoppers in an online shopping store provided support for the proposed model. The findings of the study shows that altruism is relevant to online group buying, and trust and satisfaction hav...

William D. Hamilton postulated the existence of 'genes underlying altruism', under the rubric of inclusive fitness theory, a half-century ago. Such genes are now poised for discovery. In this article, we develop a set of intuitive criteria for the recognition and analysis of genes for altruism and describe the first candidate genes affecting altruism from social insects and humans. We also prov...

Ego-disturbances have been a topic in schizophrenia research since the earliest clinical descriptions of the disorder. Manifesting as a feeling that one's "self," "ego," or "I" is disintegrating or that the border between one's self and the external world is dissolving, "ego-disintegration" or "dissolution" is also an important feature of the psychedelic experience, such as is produced by psilo...

Altruistic actions are generally seen as 'noble'. Yet some 'lowly' organisms are apt to match the most heroic human acts of devotion and self-sacrifice. To use a widely-quoted example, consider Dicrocoelium dendriticum, also known as brainworm. These parasites spend some of their stages in the innards of cows, exit in the feces and, in the form of cercaria, are eaten by ants a few stages later....

We study the evolution of altruism in one- and two-dimensional stepping-stone populations with discrete overlapping generations. We find that increasing survival probability facilitates the evolution of altruism, in agreement with recent results for a patch-structured population. We allow the altruistic behaviour to affect either fecundity or survival probability. In the first case, altruism is...

In a 2 X 2 X 2 design, male high school students received from a high or low credibility source a communication that was either plausible or implausible, and that was given under highor low-ego-involvement conditions. Results indicated greater attitude change in low-ego-involvement-high-sourcecredibility conditions than in the other three combinations of source credibility and ego involvement. ...

A very simple reciprocal activity elicited high degrees of altruism in 1- and 2-y-old children, whereas friendly but nonreciprocal activity yielded little subsequent altruism. In a second study, reciprocity with one adult led 1- and 2-y-olds to provide help to a new person. These results question the current dominant claim that social experiences cannot account for early occurring altruistic be...

Fourteen ego functions were rated i 35 Egyptian major depressive patlents using a semi-structured Intervhw. The mean total ego functions was found to be greater than that of schizophrenics and lower than that of neurotks and normal controls in previous studies. The highest score was for sense of reality and the lowest for ARISE. Inter-rater reliability was slgnillcantly high. In te r relationsh...