This article provides an overview of power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access for 5G systems. The basic concepts and benefits are briefly presented, along with current solutions and standardization activities. In addition, limitations and research challenges are discussed.

Bell non-locality between distant quantum systems--that is, joint correlations which violate a Bell inequality--can be verified without trusting the measurement devices used, nor those performing the measurements. This leads to unconditionally secure protocols for quantum information tasks such as cryptographic key distribution. However, complete verification of Bell non-locality requires high ...

Relations of simulated annealing and quantum annealing are studied by a mapping from the transition matrix of classical Markovian dynamics of the Ising model to a quantum Hamiltonian and vice versa. It is shown that these two operators, the transition matrix and the Hamiltonian, share the eigenvalue spectrum. Thus, if simulated annealing with slow temperature change does not encounter a difficu...

By means of an example it is shown that the prenucleolus is not the only minimal solution that satisfies nonemptiness, Pareto optimality, covariance, the equal treatment property and the reduced game property, even if universe of players is infinite. This example also disproves a conjecture of Gurvich et al. Moreover, we prove that the prenucleolus is axiomatized by nonemptiness, covariance, th...

In this paper we investigate incentive aspects of a general price-setting equilibrium principle in production economies with increasing returns or more general types of non-convexities. We do so by introducing the notion of generalized mechanism. We allow preferences and individual endowments to be unknown to the planner. We present a simple generalized mechanism whose social equilibrium alloca...

In this paper, we studies the distribution of firm size by using a model based on Sato’s paper in 1970, and proved the static distribution of firm size satisfies Pareto distribution in its upper tail.

For four alternatives and an even number of individuals, we prove a conjecture in a companion paper: It is impossible for a social choice rule to satisfy all of (1) Pareto, (2) anonymity, (3) full domain, and (4) independence of some alternative, a relaxation of Arrow’s IIA. JEL Codes: D70, D71

We analyze markets in which the price of a traded commodity is such that the supply and the demand are unequal. Under standard assumptions, the agents then have single peaked preferences on their consumption or production choices. For such markets, we propose a class of Uniform Trade rules each of which determines the volume of trade as the median of total demand, total supply, and an exogenous...

For arrays of independent Pareto random variables, this paper establishes complete convergence for weighted partial sums for the smaller order statistics within each row. This result improves on past strong laws. Moreover, it shows that we can obtain a finite nonzero limit for our normalized partial sums under complete convergence even though the first moment of our order statistics is infinite.

This paper demonstrates the optimality of a non-maximal penalty in a hierarchical enforcement structure. The penalty is chosen by the social planner to maximize the probability of monitoring and to minimize the probability of transgression. We compare the optimal penalty levels with and without ex post flexibility wherein the players are allowed to alter their decision after they observe the so...