We propose a multiplicative speci cation of a discrete choice model that renders choice probabilities independent of the scale of the utility. The scale can thus be random with unspeci ed distribution. The model mostly outperforms the classical additive formulation over a range of stated choice data sets. In some cases, the improvement in likelihood is greater than that obtained from adding obs...

The school bus routing problem (SBRP) involves interrelated decisions such as selecting the stops, allocating students to selected and designing routes for transporting taking into account capacity constraint, with objective of minimizing cost routes. This paper addresses SBRP when reaction selection stops is taken account, that is, are allowed choose stop best suits them. A bilevel optimizatio...

It seems easy to accept that rationality involves many features that cannot be summarized in terms of some straightforward formula, such as binary consistency.  However, this recognition does not immediately lead to alternative characterizations that might be regarded as satisfactory, even though the inadequacies of the traditional assumptions of rational behavior standard used in economic theo...

Introduction: Marriage is described as the most important and the most basic human relationship. Increasing intimacy and marital satisfaction and reducing marital conflicts are among the most important components of a stable marriage. Counselling and therapies based on choice theory have been used as one of the effective methods on improving stable marriage components. This study was performed ...

background due to the importance and uniqueness of the characteristics of the health sector, one of the most important priorities of the ministry of health is measuring the efficiency and quality of services which are provided for the people who refer to the health sectors. in all health systems, responding to the needs and wishes of patients is a crucial priority. objectives the main purpose o...