Cholinesterase (ChE) is one of the most employed biomakers in environmental analysis. Among ChEs, potentially the most significant in environmental terms is acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzymatic form that terminates the nerve impulse . Because of its physiological role, Ache has long been considered a highly specific biomarker for organisms exposed to anticholinesterasic agents, primarily a...

Bacillus entomopathogens, especially Bacillus thuringiensis, have been used extensively for control of insect pests in crops, forests, and the aquatic environment. Their safety for vertebrates and nontarget invertebrates has been thoroughly documented in a myriad of studies. Their short term effects on nontarget organisms that are unrelated to target insects is negligible. However, the effect o...

soils bacteria are frequently faced with various adverse environmental conditions and have developed a complex regulatory network to respond rapidly to environmental changes. in this study usefulness and applicability of stress proteins of bacteria which are produced after stress conditions were examined. the adaptation of soil bacteria involves the induction of stress proteins provide a nonspe...

a Faculty of Health, Engineering and Surveying and NCEA, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia b KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden c KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Division of Land and Water Resources Engineering, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Sciences and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stoc...

Protists include all eukaryotes except plants, fungi and animals. They are an essential, yet often forgotten, component of the soil microbiome. Method developments have now furthered our understanding of the real taxonomic and functional diversity of soil protists. They occupy key roles in microbial foodwebs as consumers of bacteria, fungi and other small eukaryotes. As parasites of plants, ani...